{"version":3,"generatedAt":"2026-11-12T08:49:13.503Z","primaryId":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","secondaryId":"67b338818635bba96e329691","exhibitions":[{"createdAt":"2026-10-12T02:25:07.181Z","updatedAt":"2026-11-12T03:32:56.373Z","slug":"impressionisten","type":"temporary","onDisplay":true,"fullName":{"de":"Die Impressionisten. Monet, Morisot, Renoir und ihr Netzwerk","en":"The Impressionists: Monet, Morisot, Renoir, and Their Network"},"title":{"de":"Die Impressionisten","en":"The Impressionists"},"subtitle":{"de":"Monet, Morisot, Renoir und ihr Netzwerk","en":"Monet, Morisot, Renoir, and Their Network"},"startDate":"2026-11-07T12:00:00.000Z","endDate":"2027-02-21T12:00:00.000Z","entryInfoWall":{"description":{"de":"Wie wurde das Werk einer Pariser Gruppe radikaler Malerinnen und Maler zur beliebtesten Kunstrichtung der Moderne? Claude Monet, Berthe Morisot, Pierre-Auguste Renoir und ihre impressionistischen Mitstreiter veränderten nicht nur den Blick auf Licht und Farbe. Ab den 1860er Jahren arbeiteten sie in einem Netzwerk aus Freunden, Förderern und Sammlern, das ihre Gemälde schätzte und verbreitete.\n\nIn den folgenden Jahren unterstützten die wichtigsten Schriftsteller die Impressionisten mit Rezensionen. Neue Käuferschichten identifizierten sich mit dem Aufbruch in der Malerei. Risikofreudige Sammler begannen, impressionistische Kunst zu kaufen. Die Weltausstellungen sowie Galerien in Paris, New York und Berlin verliehen der Bewegung internationale Resonanz.\n\nDie Ausstellung Die Impressionisten. Monet, Morisot, Renoir und ihr Netzwerk zeichnet das Beziehungsgeflecht nach, das diese Kunst durchsetzte. Sie entstand zum zehnjährigen Jubiläum des Museums Barberini und erzählt anhand von zehn Episoden wesentliche Momente der Geschichte des Impressionismus. Ausgangspunkt sind zehn Gemälde der Sammlung Hasso Plattner.\n\nMit großzügiger Unterstützung der Académie des Beaux-Arts und des Musée Marmottan Monet, Paris","en":"How did the work of a group of radical painters in Paris become the most popular movement in modern art? Claude Monet, Berthe Morisot, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and their Impressionist comrades-in-arms not only changed our view of light and color, but from the 1860s on developed a network of friends, supporters, and collectors who appreciated and disseminated their work.\n\nIn the years that followed, the most important writers of the day wrote reviews championing the Impressionists. New groups of buyers resonated with the revolution in painting, while enterprising collectors began purchasing Impressionist art. World’s fairs as well as galleries in Paris, New York, and Berlin provided the movement with international exposure.\n\nThe exhibition The Impressionists: Monet, Morisot, Renoir, and Their Network traces the web of relationships that helped this art achieve its breakthrough. Presented in honor of the tenth anniversary of the Museum Barberini, it narrates key moments in the story of Impressionism in ten episodes based on ten paintings from the Hasso Plattner Collection.\n\nWith the generous support of the Académie des Beaux-Arts and the Musée Marmottan Monet, 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Freunde geht es nicht","en":"Friends are Everything"},"subtitle":{"de":"Pierre-Auguste Renoir und der Wald von Fontainebleau","en":"Pierre-Auguste Renoir and the Forest of Fontainebleau"},"description":{"de":"Die impressionistische Malweise entstand in Freundschaft und Zusammenarbeit. Anfang der 1860er Jahre lernten sich die Kunststudenten Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Claude Monet, Alfred Sisley und Frédéric Bazille in Paris kennen. Gemeinsam entwickelten die jungen Künstler eine neue Malerei. Seite an Seite arbeiteten sie im Wald von Fontainebleau, der bereits ein bedeutender Ort für Landschaftsmaler war.\n\nDie dunkle akademische Farbpalette wich helleren Tönen, die glatte Oberfläche sichtbaren Pinselstrichen. Beim Malen unter freiem Himmel verglichen die Künstler ihre Gemälde und dienten einander als Modell. Die Freilichtmalerei war mehr als das Arbeiten in einer Landschaft. Sie bedeutete, Licht und Atmosphäre mit allen Sinnen aufzunehmen, um sie malerisch wiederzugeben.\n\nRenoirs Bild Waldweg von 1874–1877 entstand zu einer Zeit, in der sich der Impressionismus dem modernen Leben der Großstadt zuwandte. So wirkt das Motiv wie ein Rückblick auf die Anfänge der Bewegung.","en":"The Impressionist style grew out of friendship and collaboration. In the early 1860s, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Claude Monet, Alfred Sisley, and Frédéric Bazille met as students in Paris. Together, the young artists developed a new approach to painting, working side by side in the forest of Fontainebleau, already an important location for landscape painters.\n\nThe dark academic palette gave way to lighter hues, while smooth, finished surfaces were replaced by visible brushstrokes. Painting in the open air, the artists compared their works and served as each other’s models. Plein air painting was more than just rendering a landscape: it meant using all the senses to take in the effects of light and atmosphere and reproduce them on the canvas.\n\nRenoir’s painting Path in the Forest from 1874–77 was created at a time when Impressionism had turned its gaze to modern urban life. Against this backdrop, the motif seems like a retrospective echo of the early days of the movement."},"3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6af5343032c35ef3ad781fd2","id":"6af57d87809465000132098c"}],"startPoint":{"rotation":{}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{},"position":{"exhibitionDependent":[]}},"insideView":{"rotation":{}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"6aec99358cf35dfa793dab5e","coverImage":"6af533ab641a367ffc482822","3dModel":"6af5343032c35ef3ad781fd2"},{"3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6af5343632c35ef3ad781fde","id":"6af57d87809465000132098d"}],"startPoint":{"rotation":{}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{},"position":{"exhibitionDependent":[]}},"insideView":{"rotation":{}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"6af533677582fd4e943eff4f","hall":"0A1_2","title":{"de":"Erste Mäzene des Impressionismus","en":"First Patrons of Impressionism"},"subtitle":{"de":"Alice und Ernest Hoschedé als Förderer von Claude Monet","en":"Alice and Ernest Hoschedé as Supporters of Claude Monet"},"description":{"de":"Bevor der Impressionismus zur Erfolgsgeschichte wurde, stellte er für Sammler ein Risiko dar. Zu denen, die es eingingen, gehörten Alice und Ernest Hoschedé. Auf ihrem Schloss Rottembourg südlich von Paris empfingen und förderten sie Künstler. Früh schon kauften sie Werke von Claude Monet, Edgar Degas und Camille Pissarro. 1874 erwarben sie mit Monets Impression. Sonnenaufgang jenes Bild, das dem Impressionismus seinen Namen gab.\n\nDie Räume ihres Schlosses wollten die Hoschedés mit Kunstwerken ausstatten. 1876 luden sie Édouard Manet und Claude Monet ein. Letzterer schuf vier großformatige Gemälde, die für den Grand Salon und das Raucherzimmer bestimmt waren. Dafür erarbeitete er Studien, die eigenständige Werke sind, darunter das Gemälde Die Rosensträucher im Garten von Montgeron.\n\nFür kurze Zeit wurde Schloss Rottembourg zu einem Treffpunkt der neuen Kunstbewegung. Aber bereits 1877 ging Ernest Hoschedé bankrott. Schloss und Sammlung wurden versteigert, Monets Bilder zu Spottpreisen verkauft. Doch die Verbindung blieb, und nach dem Tod von Ernest 1891 heirateten Alice Hoschedé und Claude Monet.","en":"Before Impressionism was a success story, it was a risky investment. Among the collectors willing to take that risk were Alice and Ernest Hoschedé, who hosted and supported artists at the Château de Rottembourg south of Paris. They purchased works von Claude Monet, Edgar Degas, and Camille Pissarro early on and in 1874 acquired Monet’s Impression, Sunrise—the painting that gave Impressionism its name.\n\nThe Hoschedés wanted to decorate the rooms of their château with works of art. In 1876, they invited Édouard Manet and Claude Monet to spend time at their estate. Monet created four large-scale paintings for the grand salon and smoking room. In preparation, he made studies that also stand as independent works, including the painting The Rose Bushes in the Garden at Montgeron.\n\nFor a short time, the Château de Rottembourg became a hub for the new movement in art. In 1877, however, Ernest Hoschedé was forced into bankruptcy. The château and art collection were auctioned, and Monet’s paintings sold far below their value. But the connection remained: after Ernest’s death in 1891, Alice Hoschedé married Claude Monet."},"coverImage":"6af533b1641a367ffc48282e","3dModel":"6af5343632c35ef3ad781fde"},{"hall":"0A2","title":{"de":"Der Weg einer Impressionistin","en":"The Path of an Impressionist"},"subtitle":{"de":"Berthe Morisot und ihr Kreis","en":"Berthe Morisot and Her Circle"},"description":{"de":"Den gesellschaftlichen Beschränkungen ihrer Zeit zum Trotz etablierte sich Berthe Morisot als impressionistische Malerin. Ihr Interesse an der Freilichtmalerei führte sie zum Studium bei dem Landschaftsmaler Camille Corot. Über Édouard Manet fand sie Anschluss an den Kreis der neuen Malerei.\n\nBereits früh wurden ihre Werke regelmäßig zum Pariser Salon zugelassen. Dennoch entschied sie sich 1874 – gegen den Rat Manets – für die Teilnahme an der ersten Ausstellung der Impressionisten. Dieses Bekenntnis zu der noch umstrittenen Bewegung entsprach ihrer künstlerischen Überzeugung.\n\nIm Jahr darauf reiste Morisot nach England, wo sie Hafen- und Flussansichten malte, manchmal vom Boot aus. Das Gemälde Die Themse vergegenwärtigt Morisots impressionistische Bildauffassung. Statt einer erkennbaren Stadtansicht zeigt sie einen flüchtigen Eindruck von Wasser, Licht und Atmosphäre.","en":"Despite the social constraints of her time, Berthe Morisot established herself as an Impressionist artist. Her interest in working en plein air led her to study with the landscape painter Camille Corot. Through Édouard Manet, she was introduced to the artistic circles associated with the new painting.\n\nHer works were regularly accepted into the Paris Salon early on. Still, in 1874 she decided—against Manet’s advice—to participate in the first Impression exhibition. This gesture of allegiance to the still controversial movement reflected her artistic convictions.\n\nThe following year Morisot traveled to England, where she painted port and river scenes, sometimes from a boat. The painting The Thames shows her affinity with Impressionism: instead of a recognizable cityscape, she evokes a fleeting impression of water, light, and atmosphere."},"3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6af5343c32c35ef3ad781fea","id":"6af57d87809465000132098e"}],"startPoint":{"rotation":{}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{},"position":{"exhibitionDependent":[]}},"insideView":{"rotation":{}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"6aec99358cf35dfa793dab5f","coverImage":"6af533b7641a367ffc48283a","3dModel":"6af5343c32c35ef3ad781fea"},{"hall":"1A3_1","title":{"de":"Wie Claude Monets Konzept der Serie nach Amerika kam","en":"How Claude Monet’s Serial Concept Came to America"},"subtitle":{"de":"Die Kuratorin Sara Tyson Hallowell und die Sammlerin Bertha Palmer","en":"The Curator Sara Tyson Hallowell and the Collector Bertha Palmer"},"description":{"de":"Im Spätsommer 1890 widmete sich Claude Monet in zahlreichen Gemälden ausschließlich einem Motiv: Aus den gewöhnlichen Getreideschobern auf den Feldern nahe seinem Haus machte er einen spektakulären Bildgegenstand. In warmen Farben leuchtend, scheinen sich die Konturen von Monets Getreideschobern im Licht aufzulösen. Die flüchtige Atmosphäre wird auf der Leinwand festgehalten.\n\nIm Jahr darauf stellte der Pariser Kunsthändler Paul Durand-Ruel fünfzehn der Getreideschober-Bilder aus. Im Zusammenspiel entfalteten die Gemälde ihre Wirkung: Änderungen der Witterung und die unterschiedlichen Tageszeiten ließen dasselbe Motiv immer wieder neu erscheinen.\n\nZu den frühesten Bewunderinnen der Serie gehörte die Sammlerin Bertha Palmer aus Chicago. Auf Anregung der Kuratorin Sara Tyson Hallowell erwarb sie innerhalb von zwei Jahren neun der Gemälde – die größte Gruppe, die jemals aus einer Serie Monets in eine Sammlung fand. Palmer und Hallowell trugen dazu bei, Monet in den USA bekannt zu machen.","en":"In the late summer of 1890, Claude Monet began painting numerous images of a single motif, transforming the ordinary grainstacks in the fields around his home into a spectacular pictorial theme. Glowing in warm colors, the contours of Monet’s grainstacks seem to dissolve in the light, capturing a fleeting atmosphere on the canvas.\n\nThe following year, the Paris art dealer Paul Durand-Ruel showed an exhibition of fifteen of Monet’s grainstack paintings. Displayed alongside each other, the works exerted a powerful effect: a single motif, endowed with an ever-new appearance by changes of weather and light.\n\nOne of the earliest admirers of the series was the Chicago collector Bertha Palmer. At the recommendation of the curator Sara Tyson Hallowell, Palmer acquired nine of the paintings within two years—the largest group from a Monet series ever to enter a single collection. Palmer and Hallowell helped introduce Monet’s painting to audiences in the United States."},"3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6af5344132c35ef3ad781ff6","id":"6af57d87809465000132098f"}],"startPoint":{"rotation":{}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{},"position":{"exhibitionDependent":[]}},"insideView":{"rotation":{}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"6aec99358cf35dfa793dab60","coverImage":"6af533bd641a367ffc482846","3dModel":"6af5344132c35ef3ad781ff6"},{"3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6af5344732c35ef3ad782002","id":"6af57d878094650001320990"}],"startPoint":{"rotation":{}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{},"position":{"exhibitionDependent":[]}},"insideView":{"rotation":{}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"6af533677582fd4e943eff50","hall":"1A3_2","title":{"de":"Im Hörsaal der Moderne","en":"In the Lecture Hall of Modernity"},"subtitle":{"de":"Emil Heilbut und die frühe Monet-Rezeption in Deutschland","en":"Emil Heilbut and the Early Reception of Monet in Germany"},"description":{"de":"Als der Kunstkritiker Emil Heilbut Anfang 1889 drei Gemälde von Claude Monet nach Weimar brachte, war der Impressionismus in Deutschland noch unbekannt. Im Hörsaal der dortigen Kunstschule präsentierte er die Werke den Studierenden. Eines der Gemälde zeigt eine Biegung der Seine bei Jeufosse. Es ist Teil einer Werkgruppe, zu der auch Herbst in Jeufosse gehört, in der Monet mit der Darstellung herbstlicher Licht- und Farbstimmungen nahe seines Wohnortes Giverny experimentierte.\n\nMit ihren hellen Farben und sichtbaren Pinselstrichen forderten die Gemälde die gewohnten Vorstellungen von Landschaftsmalerei heraus. Einige der damaligen Studenten wurden Teil der Avantgarde. Christian Rohlfs erinnerte sich später an das Aufsehen, das Monets „Fleckentechnik“ erregte.\n\nHeilbut gehörte zu den frühesten Vermittlern des Impressionismus in Deutschland. Durch seine Kontakte zu Pariser Kunsthändlern wie Paul Durand-Ruel war er mit Monets Werk vertraut. 1890 veröffentlichte er den ersten deutschen Text über Monet.","en":"When the art critic Emil Heilbut brought three paintings by Claude Monet to Weimar in early 1889, Impressionism was still unknown in Germany. He showed the works to the students while lecturing at the art school there. One of the paintings depicts a bend in the Seine River near Jeufosse; along with Autumn at Jeufosse, it is part of a group of works in which Monet experimented with the effects of autumn light and color near his home in Giverny.\n\nWith their bright colors and visible brushstrokes, the paintings challenged conventional ways of representing the landscape. Some of the students went on to become part of the avant-garde, and Christian Rohlfs later recalled the stir caused by Monet’s “blotchy technique.”\n\nHeilbut was among the earliest supporters of Impressionism in Germany. Through his contacts with art dealers such as Paul Durand-Ruel in Paris, he became familiar with Monet’s work. In 1890, he published the first German text on Monet."},"coverImage":"6af533c2641a367ffc482852","3dModel":"6af5344732c35ef3ad782002"},{"hall":"1A4","title":{"de":"Vom Skandal zur Moderne","en":"From Scandal to Modernity"},"subtitle":{"de":"Berlin kauft Impressionismus","en":"Berlin Buys Impressionism"},"description":{"de":"1906 kam eine spektakuläre Ausstellung von Werken Édouard Manets und Claude Monets nach Berlin: die Sammlung von Jean-Baptiste Faure. Der wohlhabende Pariser Opernsänger, einer der ersten Sammler des Impressionismus, verkaufte seinen Kunstbesitz – darunter Werke wie Monets Steilküste von Aval.\n\nDer Galerist Paul Durand-Ruel, der bedeutendste Händler der Impressionisten, organisierte eine Verkaufsausstellung. Sie stieß in Paris und danach in London auf wenig Interesse. Erst bei der anschließenden Präsentation im Berliner Kunstsalon Paul Cassirer fanden sich einige Käufer. Bilder aus Faures Besitz gelangten in mehrere deutsche Privatsammlungen und in die Nationalgalerie in Berlin sowie Museen in München, Stuttgart und Hamburg.\n\nWar der Impressionismus wenige Jahre zuvor noch skandalumwittert, galt er nun als Inbegriff der künstlerischen Moderne.","en":"In 1906, a spectacular exhibition of works by Édouard Manet and Claude Monet came to Berlin: the collection of Jean-Baptiste Faure. The wealthy Paris opera singer, one of the first collectors of Impressionist paintings, was selling his holdings—including Monet’s The Cliff and the Porte d’ Aval.\n\nThe sales exhibition was organized by the gallerist Paul Durand-Ruel, the most important dealer of Impressionist art. It met with little interest in Paris and London; only afterwards when it was presented at the gallery of Paul Cassirer in Berlin did a number of buyers come forward. Paintings from Faure’s holdings found their way into various German private collections as well as the Nationalgalerie in Berlin and museums in Munich, Stuttgart, and Hamburg.\n\nOnly a few years earlier, Impressionism had been considered scandalous; now, it was viewed as the epitome of artistic modernity."},"3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6af5344c32c35ef3ad78200e","id":"6af57d878094650001320991"}],"startPoint":{"rotation":{}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{},"position":{"exhibitionDependent":[]}},"insideView":{"rotation":{}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"6aec99358cf35dfa793dab61","coverImage":"6af533c8641a367ffc48285e","3dModel":"6af5344c32c35ef3ad78200e"},{"hall":"1A5","title":{"de":"Motive an der Seine","en":"Motifs on the Seine"},"subtitle":{"de":"Gustave Caillebotte Lebenswelt","en":"The World of Gustave Caillebotte"},"description":{"de":"1881 erwarb Gustave Caillebotte ein Anwesen in Petit Gennevilliers an der Seine in der Nähe von Paris. Nach seinen gewagten Ansichten der Hauptstadt wurde die Flusslandschaft mit Segelbooten und Regatten jetzt zu seinem wichtigsten Bildthema.\n\nIm gegenüberliegenden Argenteuil hatte Claude Monet ein Jahrzehnt zuvor gelebt. Die von Industrie und Segelsport geprägte Gegend bot den Impressionisten Motive des modernen Freizeitlebens. Einige davon gehörten zu Caillebottes Sammlung. Der aus wohlhabendem Haus stammende Künstler war einer der wichtigsten Mäzene des Impressionismus. Er unterstützte seine Malerfreunde durch den Ankauf ihrer Werke.\n\nWährend Monet die Seine als Beobachter gemalt hatte, schilderte Caillebotte seine Lebenswelt. Er war leidenschaftlicher Segler, der sogar Yachten entwarf und bauen ließ. Viele seiner Gemälde gelangten in die Sammlungen seiner Freunde. Die Brücke von Argenteuil und die Seine gehörte zunächst Émile Lamy, Caillebottes Nachbar und Segelpartner.","en":"In 1881, Gustave Caillebotte acquired an estate at Petit Gennevilliers on the Seine near Paris. After his daring views of the capital city, the river landscape with its sailboats and regattas now became his most important pictorial theme.\n\nA decade earlier, Claude Monet had lived across the river in Argenteuil. Defined by industry and recreational sailing, the region provided the Impressionists with motifs of modern leisure. Caillebotte owned a number of their paintings: as the son of a wealthy family, he was one of the most important patrons of Impressionism and supported his artist friends by purchasing their works.\n\nWhile Monet had depicted the Seine as an observer, Caillebotte portrayed his own world. He was a passionate sailor who even designed and built yachts. Many of his paintings found their way into the collections of his friends. The Argenteuil Bridge and the Seine first belonged to Émile Lamy, Caillebotte’s neighbor and sailing partner."},"3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6af5345132c35ef3ad78201a","id":"6af57d878094650001320992"}],"startPoint":{"rotation":{}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{},"position":{"exhibitionDependent":[]}},"insideView":{"rotation":{}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"6aec99358cf35dfa793dab62","coverImage":"6af533cc641a367ffc48286a","3dModel":"6af5345132c35ef3ad78201a"},{"hall":"Lel_1","title":{"de":"Eine Amerikanerin in Venedig","en":"An American in Venice"},"subtitle":{"de":"Die Malerin und Mäzenin Winnaretta Singer","en":"The Painter and Patron Winnaretta Singer"},"description":{"de":"Der repräsentative Palazzo Contarini am Canal Grande gehörte der amerikanischen Mäzenin Winnaretta Singer. In ihrem Salon empfing sie Schriftsteller, Tänzerinnen und Musiker. Sie bot den wichtigsten Komponistinnen und Komponisten ihrer Zeit eine Bühne. Mit Konzerten, Lesungen und Gesprächen war ihr Salon ein Treffpunkt der künstlerischen Avantgarde. Dort scharte sie auch einen Kreis queerer Kunstschaffender um sich.\n\nClaude Monet verbrachte den Herbst 1908 in Venedig, wo er zahlreiche Ansichten der Stadt malte, oft vom Wasser aus. Er arbeitete nach festen Routinen und suchte je nach Tageszeit unterschiedliche Standorte auf, um wechselnde Stimmungen festzuhalten.\n\nSingers Palazzo nahm er sich am frühen Nachmittag vor. Das ungewöhnliche Farbschema im Gemälde Der Palazzo Contarini ruft eine traumartige Atmosphäre hervor. Singer, die auch Malerin war, lud ihn den Künstler in ihren Salon ein. In ihrer Sammlung befanden sich sieben seiner Werke.","en":"The monumental Palazzo Contarini on the Grand Canal belonged to the American patron Winnaretta Singer. In her salon she hosted writers, dancers, and musicians, providing the most important composers of her day with opportunities to perform. With concerts, readings, and discussions, her salon served as a gathering place for the artistic avant-garde, where she also surrounded herself with a circle of queer artists.\n\nClaude Monet spent the autumn of 1908 in Venice. There he painted numerous city views, often from the water. Following a daily routine, he sought out different locations at different times of day to capture the changing effects of light.\n\nSinger’s palazzo was the focus of his attention in the early afternoon hours. The unusual color scheme of the painting The Palazzo Contarini evokes a dreamlike atmosphere. Singer, who was also a painter, invited Monet to attend her salon and acquired seven of his works for her collection."},"3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6af5345632c35ef3ad782026","id":"6af57d878094650001320993"}],"startPoint":{"rotation":{}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{},"position":{"exhibitionDependent":[]}},"insideView":{"rotation":{}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"6aec99358cf35dfa793dab63","coverImage":"6af533d2641a367ffc482876","3dModel":"6af5345632c35ef3ad782026"},{"3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6af5345b32c35ef3ad782032","id":"6af57d878094650001320994"}],"startPoint":{"rotation":{}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{},"position":{"exhibitionDependent":[]}},"insideView":{"rotation":{}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"6af533677582fd4e943eff51","hall":"Lel_2","title":{"de":"Das Ende einer Sammlung im Nationalsozialismus","en":"The End of a Collection under National Socialism"},"subtitle":{"de":"Jakob Goldschmidts impressionistische Gemälde in Potsdam und Berlin","en":"Jakob Goldschmidt’s Impressionist Paintings in Potsdam and Berlin"},"description":{"de":"Der Bankier, Mäzen und Kunstsammler Jakob Goldschmidt besaß in den 1920er Jahren eine der bedeutendsten Sammlungen des französischen Impressionismus in Deutschland. In seinen Häusern in Potsdam-Babelsberg und Berlin hingen Werke von Claude Monet, Édouard Manet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir und Paul Cézanne. Dazu gehörte auch Monets Bild Der Palazzo Ducale. Es zeigt den Regierungssitz Venedigs in atmosphärischen Farbabstufungen.\n\nAls jüdischer Bankier wurde Goldschmidt nach dem Machtantritt der Nationalsozialisten verfolgt. Er emigrierte 1933 zunächst in die Schweiz, später in die USA. Einige seiner Gemälde konnte er ins Ausland bringen, andere jedoch verblieben im Machtbereich der Nationalsozialisten und wurden 1941 versteigert.\n\nNach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg kämpfte Goldschmidt um die Rückgabe seiner Kunstwerke. Manche erhielt er noch zu Lebzeiten zurück, andere wurden erst Jahrzehnte später restituiert. Die Suche nach Werken seiner Sammlung und die Aufarbeitung ihrer Provenienzgeschichte dauern bis heute an.","en":"In the 1920s, the banker, patron, and art collector Jakob Goldschmidt owned one of the most important collections of French Impressionism in Germany. Works by Claude Monet, Édouard Manet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Paul Cézanne hung in his homes in Potsdam-Babelsberg and Berlin. His collection included Monet’s painting The Palazzo Ducale, which shows the seat of Venetian government in atmospheric gradations of color.\n\nAs a Jewish banker, Goldschmidt was persecuted when the Nazis came to power. In 1933 he emigrated first to Switzerland and then to the United States. He was able to take some of his paintings with him, but others remained in Nazi-controlled areas and were auctioned in 1941.\n\nAfter World War II, Goldschmidt fought for the return of his art. Some pieces were returned to him during his lifetime, while others were restituted only decades later. The search for works from his collection and the reappraisal of their provenance history continues to this day."},"coverImage":"6af533d7641a367ffc482882","3dModel":"6af5345b32c35ef3ad782032"},{"hall":"1B5","title":{"de":"Vor der Kamera","en":"On Camera"},"subtitle":{"de":"Claude Monet im Film","en":"Claude Monet in Film"},"description":{"de":"1915 nahm der Dramatiker und Filmemacher Sacha Guitry bedeutende Persönlichkeiten der französischen Kultur auf. Sarah Bernhardt, Auguste Rodin, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Claude Monet und andere traten in dem damals noch jungen Medium auf. Sie sollten die kulturelle Größe Frankreichs bezeugen. Der Film Ceux de chez nous (Die Unsrigen) ist Ausdruck der kulturellen Propaganda während des Ersten Weltkriegs.\n\nGuitry besuchte die Berühmtheiten bei sich zuhause und zeigte sie bei der Arbeit. Monet nahm er in Giverny auf: im Gespräch, beim Gang durch seinen Garten und beim Malen des Seerosen-Bildes, das sich heute in der Sammlung Hasso Plattner befindet. Diese wenigen Minuten sind die einzigen bekannten Filmaufnahmen des Künstlers beim Malen.\n\nDoch Guitry verstand Ceux de chez nous nicht als Film im heutigen Sinn. Bei der Premiere 1915 war der Stummfilm Teil einer Live-Aufführung. Guitry und die Schauspielerin Charlotte Lysès sprachen die Dialoge zu den Bildern und ergänzten sie durch Kommentare und Anekdoten.","en":"In 1915, the playwright and cinematographer Sacha Guitry made a film showcasing important personalities in French culture. Sarah Bernhardt, Auguste Rodin, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Claude Monet, and others were featured in the still-young cinematic medium as testimony to the cultural greatness of France. Entitled Ceux de chez nous (Those of Our Land), the film was an expression of cultural propaganda during World War I.\n\nGuitry visited the celebrities at home and showed them at work. He filmed Monet in Giverny—in conversation, strolling through his garden, and working on the painting Water Lilies, now in the Hasso Plattner Collection. Those few minutes are the only known film footage of the artist at work.\n\nBut Guitry did not conceive of Ceux de chez nous as a movie in the contemporary sense. At the premiere in 1915, the silent film was part of a live performance: Guitry and the actress Charlotte Lysès spoke the dialogue along with the moving images and supplemented them with commentary and anecdotes."},"3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6af5346132c35ef3ad78203e","id":"6af57d878094650001320995"}],"startPoint":{"rotation":{}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{},"position":{"exhibitionDependent":[]}},"insideView":{"rotation":{}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"6aec99358cf35dfa793dab64","coverImage":"6af533dd641a367ffc48288e","3dModel":"6af5346132c35ef3ad78203e"},{"3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6af56fbf2236dd94a525abbd","id":"6af57d878094650001320996"}],"startPoint":{"rotation":{}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{},"position":{"exhibitionDependent":[]}},"insideView":{"rotation":{}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"6af533677582fd4e943eff52","hall":"0B2","title":{"de":"FRAGMENTS","en":"FRAGMENTS"},"subtitle":{"de":"Medieninstallation von ART+COM Studios","en":"Media installation by ART+COM Studios"},"description":{"de":"Die von ART+COM Studios, Berlin, entwickelte Medieninstallation FRAGMENTS im Museum Barberini lässt aus Fragmenten impressionistischer Gemälde neue visuelle Kompositionen entstehen.","en":"Developed by ART+COM Studios, Berlin, the media installation FRAGMENTS at Museum Barberini generates new visual compositions from fragments of Impressionist paintings."},"coverImage":"6af533e3641a367ffc48289a","3dModel":"6af56fbf2236dd94a525abbd"}],"guides":[{"guide":{"createdAt":"2026-11-05T14:57:55.195Z","updatedAt":"2026-11-05T14:57:55.235Z","type":"audioKids","cover":"6acc4506051e2c1b613498a1","exhibition":"6acc4503051e2c1b61349898","duration":51,"name":{"de":"Die Impressionisten audioKids","en":"The Impressionists audioKids"},"title":{"de":"Die Impressionisten","en":"The Impressionists"},"subtitle":{"de":"Monet, Morisot, Renoir und ihr Netzwerk","en":"Monet, Morisot, Renoir, and Their Network"},"id":"6aec99735f60aee3f28ba944"},"id":"6aec9973dbb30233352f7f8a"}],"cover":{"createdAt":"2026-10-12T02:25:10.013Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-12T02:25:10.361Z","alt":"Édouard Manet: Berthe Morisot étendue, 1873","exhibition":"6acc4503051e2c1b61349898","type":"exhibition-cover-image","url":"/cms/api/media/file/Manet_Berthe_Morisot_lying_down_1873.jpg","filename":"Manet_Berthe_Morisot_lying_down_1873.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":958768,"width":1920,"height":1445,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"thumbnailURL":null,"id":"6acc4506051e2c1b613498a1"},"prologue":{"de":"Wie wurde aus einer kleinen Gruppe junger Künstlerinnen und Künstler, deren Malerei zunächst auf Ablehnung stieß, die vielleicht populärste Kunstrichtung der Moderne? Zum zehnjährigen Bestehen des Museums Barberini erzählt die große Jubiläumsausstellung Die Impressionisten. Monet, Morisot, Renoir und ihr Netzwerk die Geschichte des Impressionismus neu: als Geschichte von Freundschaften und Förderern, mutigen Sammlerinnen und Sammlern, einflussreichen Kunsthändlern und Kritikern – und von persönlichen Beziehungen, die eine künstlerische Revolution von Paris in die Welt trugen.","en":"How did a small group of young artists, whose paintings were initially met with rejection, come to be known as perhaps the most popular art movement of the modern era? To mark the Museums Barberini's tenth anniversary, the major anniversary exhibition The Impressionists: Monet, Morisot, Renoir, and Their Network retells the story of Impressionism: as a story of friendships and patrons, courageous collectors, influential art dealers and critics—and of personal relationships that carried an artistic revolution from Paris out into the world."},"id":"6acc4503051e2c1b61349898"},{"createdAt":"2026-07-05T12:55:04.098Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-12T12:35:06.881Z","slug":"signac","type":"temporary","onDisplay":false,"fullName":{"de":"Symphonie der Farben. Paul Signac und der Neoimpressionismus","en":"Symphony of Colors. Paul Signac and Neo-Impressionism"},"title":{"de":"Symphonie der Farben","en":"Symphony of Colors"},"subtitle":{"de":"Paul Signac und der Neoimpressionismus","en":"Paul Signac and Neo-Impressionism"},"startDate":"2026-07-04T12:00:00.000Z","endDate":"2026-10-11T12:00:00.000Z","entryInfoWall":{"description":{"de":"Den höchsten Grad an Leuchtkraft und Harmonie zu erreichen – diesem Ziel verschrieb sich Paul Signac, als er Mitte der 1880er Jahre mit Georges Seurat eine neue Malweise in die Kunst einführte. Die Landschaftsmotive ähnelten jenen ihrer impressionistischen Vorbilder. Doch ersetzten sie deren duftige Atmosphäre und spontane Malerei durch seriell aufgetragene Pinseltupfen in den Farben des Prismas. Die Farbtöne wurden nicht mehr auf der Palette gemischt. Sie sollten sich optisch im Auge der Betrachtenden verbinden. Diese Malweise erhielt den Namen Neoimpressionismus. Zahlreiche Künstlerinnen und Künstler griffen die neue Technik auf und verbreiteten sie in Europa. Innerhalb der Bewegung nahm Signac eine führende Rolle ein, als Theoretiker und Sammler ebenso wie als Netzwerker, Lehrer und Ausstellungsorganisator. Er und die anderen Malerinnen und Maler des Neoimpressionismus verbanden ihre auf Harmonie und Ausgleich ausgerichtete Kunst mit der Utopie von einem gesellschaftlichen Aufbruch in ein freiheitliches Leben.","en":"To achieve the highest degree of luminosity and harmony—this was Paul Signac’s goal when he and Georges Seurat introduced a new painting technique to the art world in the mid-1880s. While their landscape motifs resembled those of their Impressionist role models, they replaced the latter’s hazy atmosphere and spontaneous brushwork with serially applied dots in prismatic hues. The colors would no longer be mixed on the palette but would optically combine in the eye of the beholder. This new painterly technique, which came to be known as Neo-Impressionism, was adopted by numerous artists and spread throughout Europe. Signac played a leading role in the movement not only as a theorist and collector but also as a networker, teacher, and exhibition organizer. For him and other Neo-Impressionist painters, an art characterized by harmony and balance was associated with the utopia of social transformation and a liberated 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Er hatte sich aktuelle Erkenntnisse der Optik und Farbtheorie zu eigen gemacht und experimentierte mit der Zerlegung von Farben. Signac griff die neue Technik auf und inspirierte Seurat zum Arbeiten mit reinen, unvermischten Farben. Bei der letzten Impressionisten-Ausstellung 1886 in Paris präsentierten Seurat, Signac und Camille Pissarro erstmals Gemälde in der neuen Punkttechnik. Ein Kunstkritiker prägte dafür den Begriff Neoimpressionismus. Signac und Seurat gründeten mit weiteren Malern die Vereinigung unabhängiger Künstler (Société des Artistes Indépendants) und organisierten in Eigenregie Ausstellungen.","en":"In the early stages of his career, Paul Signac’s work was informed by Impressionism. In 1884 he met Georges Seurat, the slightly older artist who had pioneered a fundamentally new approach to painting. On the basis of current discoveries in optics and color theory, Seurat experimented with the division of color. Signac adopted the new technique and inspired Seurat to work in pure, unmixed hues. Seurat, Signac, and Camille Pissarro first showed paintings created with the new dot technique at the final Impressionist exhibition in Paris in 1886, prompting an art critic to coin the term Neo-Impressionism. 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The genre of portraiture posed a challenge for Neo-Impressionism, since the naturalistic accuracy required of a portrait stood in tension with the decorative pictorial effect to which many artists aspired. In his portraits, Paul Signac stylized the subject’s clothing and environment to produce a harmonious and decorative impression, while other French painters emulated the strictness of Georges Seurat’s figures. A number of early twentieth-century portraits were painted using broader, shorter strokes. As a result, the hues no longer mixed in the eye, even when the work was viewed from a distance. 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Their intensive exchange included reciprocal visits and shared trips that inspired Neo-Impressionist landscape paintings."},"3dModel":"6a5291eea7a812ed70ed82f6","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6a5291eea7a812ed70ed82f6","id":"6a5389fa40d957001bcd457c"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"4dc8540300cd44348e0d6df8e2f50926","rotation":{"x":-3.7017343093843005,"y":-91.41527116522907}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.1,"y":1.5,"z":1.58},"position":{"x":26.67773760869106,"y":1.7428065870275884,"z":3.6954377135680985,"exhibitionDependent":[]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"292dc83bd9854f93a7abc3eef7c3f022","rotation":{"x":2.226460672276747,"y":90.13263859135004}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"6a4b7afd3eb5fa45d663585b","coverImage":"6acaf64cbbb624b7f019a52e"},{"hall":"1A5","title":{"de":"Gesellschaftliche Ideale","en":"Social Ideals"},"subtitle":{"de":"Die Neoimpressionisten und der Anarchismus","en":"Neo-Impressionism and Anarchism"},"description":{"de":"In einer Zeit gesellschaftlicher Umbrüche hatten die meisten Neoimpressionisten Sympathien für die Ideen des Anarchismus. Sie unterstützten anarchistische Zeitschriften mit Illustrationen und schufen Idealbilder eines gemeinschaftlichen Lebens, in dem sich das Individuum frei entfalten und einer erfüllenden Tätigkeit nachgehen kann. Für Paul Signac waren soziale Gerechtigkeit und Harmonie in der Kunst identisch. Maximilien Luce erhob Arbeiter in ihrem Alltag und bei der Tätigkeit im Stahlwerk zu bildwürdigen Sujets. Andere Künstler veranschaulichten ihre utopischen Gesellschaftsideen in arkadischen Szenen des ländlichen Lebens oder feierten den Rhythmus bäuerlicher Arbeit im Einklang mit der Natur.","en":"In a period of social upheaval, most of the Neo-Impressionists were sympathetic to the ideas of anarchism. They supported anarchist journals by contributing illustrations and created idealized images of a communal life in which the individual could develop freely and pursue fulfilling work. For Paul Signac, social justice and harmony in art were one and the same. Maximilien Luce elevated motifs of workers in their homes or laboring in the steel mills to image-worthy status, while other artists visualized their utopian social ideals in Arcadian rural scenes or celebrated the rhythm of agricultural work in harmony with nature."},"3dModel":"6a5291efa7a812ed70ed830a","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6a5291efa7a812ed70ed830a","id":"6a5389fa40d957001bcd457d"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"42042826881947d28dfa6e63f2a68f57","rotation":{"x":-2.693113552297008,"y":89.71998261514095}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.58,"y":1.5,"z":0.1},"position":{"x":-8.290730341170667,"y":1.7595898775086163,"z":-8.92028050177949,"exhibitionDependent":[]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"b78b2687cfb144dfa279c1f8b8ec5820","rotation":{"x":5.406624624456636,"y":-0.1526377025479262}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"6a4b7afd3eb5fa45d663585c","coverImage":"6acaf64fbbb624b7f019a53a"},{"hall":"Lel","title":{"de":"Im Licht des Südens","en":"The Light of the South"},"subtitle":{"de":"Mediterrane Landschaften als anarchistische Utopie","en":"The Mediterranean Landscape as Anarchist Utopia"},"description":{"de":"An der Côte d’Azur suchten Künstler ihr Arkadien. Paul Signac folgte Henri-Edmond Cross in den Süden und ließ sich in Saint-Tropez nieder. Die Landschaft des Mittelmeers, die damals noch kaum vom Tourismus erschlossen war, diente als paradiesischer Gegenentwurf zum industrialisierten Paris. Für die anarchistischen Maler und Schriftsteller war sie Projektionsraum einer Zukunft in gesellschaftlicher Harmonie. In Darstellungen von Fischerorten und Booten klingt das Ideal gemeinschaftlicher Arbeit an. Auch die Stilisierung der Landschaft und harmonische Kompositionen in prismatischen Farben vermitteln ein utopisches Moment. Die südliche Sonne eröffnete den Künstlern einen neuen Umgang mit dem Kolorit. Durch das Nebeneinandersetzen von Punkten in leuchtenden, komplementären Tönen erzeugten sie den Effekt farbigen Lichts.","en":"In search of Arcadia, artists went to the Côte d’Azur. Paul Signac followed Henri-Edmond Cross to the South of France and settled in Saint-Tropez. The Mediterranean landscape, at that time still largely untouched by tourism, stood in paradisical contrast to the industrialized metropolis of Paris. For anarchist painters and writers, the region was a projection space for a socially harmonious future. Images of fishing villages and boats evoke the ideal of communal work. The stylization of the landscape and harmonious compositions in prismatic colors also convey a utopian quality. The sunlight of the South prompted artists to approach color in a new way. By juxtaposing dots in luminous, complementary hues, they produced the effect of colored light."},"3dModel":"6a5291f1a7a812ed70ed8332","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6a5291f1a7a812ed70ed8332","id":"6a5389fa40d957001bcd457e"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"657ed2f83d9540b991b8c0b8d4359dca","rotation":{"x":-0.2059287040558792,"y":177.65210264441598}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.58,"y":1.5,"z":0.1},"position":{"x":-14.993807186287478,"y":1.7563580180903007,"z":6.498746017565133,"exhibitionDependent":[]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"8c079ca9e6d94eefbf0be66dd4c26e8c","rotation":{"x":0.6491324311662775,"y":0.46982886311916283}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"6a4b7afd3eb5fa45d663585d","coverImage":"6acaf653bbb624b7f019a546"},{"hall":"1B5","title":{"de":"Die Kunst der Farbe","en":"The Art of Color"},"subtitle":{"de":"Der Neoimpressionismus in Deutschland","en":"Neo-Impressionism in Germany"},"description":{"de":"Als Künstler wie als Kunsttheoretiker prägte Paul Signac den Einzug des Neoimpressionismus in Deutschland. Seine zentrale Schrift verortet die Strömung in einer Malereitradition, die der Farbe den Vorrang gibt. Sie erschien 1903 auf Deutsch unter dem Titel Von Eugen Delacroix zum Neo-Impressionismus und wurde bald im fortschrittlichen Bürgertum des deutschen Kaiserreichs aufgenommen. Zu den bedeutendsten Unterstützern des Neoimpressionismus zählten der Sammler und Publizist Harry Graf Kessler, der Architekt Henry van de Velde, der viele seiner Auftraggeber zum Erwerb neoimpressionistischer Bilder anregte, und der Maler Curt Herrmann. Dieser griff wie andere Künstler die neue Technik in seiner Malerei auf. In Deutschland verstärkten gesellschaftliche Debatten über das Sehen und Wahrnehmen sowie die Reformbewegung im Kunstgewerbe das Interesse am neuen Umgang mit Farbe.","en":"As an artist and art theorist, Paul Signac played a key role in introducing Neo-Impressionism to Germany. His major treatise, which situated the movement within a painterly tradition that gave precedence to color, was published in German in 1903 under the title Von Eugen Delacroix zum Neo-Impressionismus (From Eugène Delacroix to Neo-Impressionism). It soon found resonance among the progressive bourgeoisie of the German Empire. Among the most important supporters of Neo-Impressionism were collector and journalist Count Harry Kessler and architect Henry van de Velde, who encouraged many of his clients to acquire Neo-Impressionist paintings. Painter Curt Herrmann, who like other artists adopted the new technique in his own work, also belonged to their number. In Germany, interest in the new approach to color was intensified by social debates on vision and perception as well as the related concerns of the reform movement in the applied arts."},"3dModel":"6a5291f0a7a812ed70ed831e","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6a5291f0a7a812ed70ed831e","id":"6a5389fa40d957001bcd457f"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"943d75c59c304284bdba978aaf939cd6","rotation":{"x":-7.417961039838472,"y":-157.50095429427435}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.58,"y":1.5,"z":0.1},"position":{"x":-8.24766845528069,"y":1.7086390335640975,"z":25.863123994697464,"exhibitionDependent":[]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"42889f698dfd407b809017c05c5b71ae","rotation":{"x":-1.9459874685580671,"y":-0.09035807015872042}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"6a4b7afd3eb5fa45d663585e","coverImage":"6acaf656bbb624b7f019a552"}],"guides":[{"guide":{"createdAt":"2026-07-05T14:12:19.607Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-05T14:12:19.933Z","type":"audioKids","exhibition":"6a4a542818d42df607da7bf3","duration":33,"name":{"de":"Symphonie der Farben audioKids","en":"Symphony of Colors audioKids"},"title":{"de":"Symphonie der Farben","en":"Symphony of Colors"},"subtitle":{"de":"Paul Signac und der Neoimpressionismus","en":"Paul Signac and Neo-Impressionism"},"description":{"de":null,"en":null},"id":"6a4a66433aacf61fab55c43a"},"id":"6a4e5e5327e89687b8e2374c"},{"guide":{"createdAt":"2026-07-08T14:27:30.638Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-08T14:27:31.346Z","type":"audioAdults","exhibition":"6a4a542818d42df607da7bf3","duration":45,"name":{"de":"Symphonie der Farben audioAdults","en":"Symphony of Colors audioAdults"},"title":{"de":"Symphonie der Farben","en":"Symphony of Colors"},"subtitle":{"de":"Paul Signac und der Neoimpressionismus","en":"Paul Signac and Neo-Impressionism"},"description":{"de":null,"en":null},"id":"6a4e5e520e837b01d5d1e16a"},"id":"6a4e5e5327e89687b8e2374d"}],"cover":{"createdAt":"2026-07-05T12:55:04.676Z","updatedAt":"2026-07-05T12:55:06.506Z","alt":"Paul Signac: Voiliers et pins, 1896","exhibition":"6a4a542818d42df607da7bf3","type":"exhibition-cover-image","url":"/cms/api/media/file/Signac_Voiliers_et_pins_1896.jpg","filename":"Signac_Voiliers_et_pins_1896.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":1762665,"width":2000,"height":2764,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"thumbnailURL":null,"id":"6a4a542818d42df607da7c0a"},"id":"6a4a542818d42df607da7bf3"},{"createdAt":"2026-02-23T13:32:35.930Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-16T08:56:48.120Z","slug":"avantgarde","onDisplay":true,"entryInfoWall":{"description":{"de":"Impressionistische Malerei aus Frankreich stieß die erste künstlerische Avantgardebewegung in Deutschland an. Max Liebermann engagierte sich als Künstler, Sammler, Mentor und Ausstellungsmacher für diese Malerei des modernen Lebens. Sie erreichte Deutschland in den Umbruchsjahren nach dem Deutsch-Französischen Krieg 1870/71. Der preußische König Wilhelm I. hatte sich im Schloss von Versailles zum deutschen Kaiser krönen lassen – eine Demütigung für Frankreich, die das deutsch-französische Verhältnis über Jahrzehnte belastete und den künstlerischen Austausch zunächst bremste. Das Wirtschaftswachstum der Gründerzeit in Deutschland führte zu einem Erstarken des Bürgertums, dessen Aufgeschlossenheit für die neue Malerei aus Frankreich wuchs. In den deutschen Residenz- und ehemaligen Reichsstädten entstanden Museen, von denen wichtige Impulse ausgingen. Seit 1892 zeigte die Münchener Secession Impressionisten, 1898 folgte die Berliner Secession. Malerinnen und Maler bezogen seither Inspirationen aus Paris und malten pulsierende Stadtansichten, Momentaufnahmen moderner Freizeitaktivitäten, lebhafte Kinderportraits und dramatische Theaterszenen. Neben bekannten Künstlern wie Max Liebermann, Lovis Corinth oder Max Slevogt schlossen sich viele weitere Künstlerinnen und Künstler der impressionistischen Avantgarde an, deren Werk es in diesem Zusammenhang neu zu entdecken gilt – etwa Dora Hitz, Gotthardt Kuehl, Sabine Lepsius, Heinrich Eduard Linde-Walther, Christian Rohlfs, Maria Slavona und Lesser Ury. Die Ausstellung steht unter der Schirmherrschaft von Bundespräsident Frank-Walter Steinmeier. Sie entstand in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Museum Frieder Burda in Baden-Baden.","en":"The impetus for the first avant garde art movement in Germany came from Impressionist painting in France. As an artist, collector, mentor, and exhibition organizer, Max Liebermann actively promoted the Impressionist painting of modern life, which reached Germany in the tumultuous years following the Franco-Prussian War of 1870-71. King Wilhelm I of Prussia had been crowned emperor of Germany in the palace of Versailles, a humiliation that strained German-French relations for decades and initially hindered artistic exchange. Economic growth in late nineteenth-century Germany led to the rise of a bourgeoisie increasingly open to the new painting style from France. In the former residential and imperial cities of Germany newly founded museums took important steps in this direction. Impressionist works were first exhibited at the Munich Secession in 1892, and in 1898 the Berlin Secession followed suit. From then on, painters looked to Paris for inspiration, creating pulsating images of the city, snapshot-like views of modern leisure activities, lively portraits of children, and dramatic theater scenes. Along with well-known painters such as Max Liebermann, Lovis Corinth, and Max Slevogt, many other artists were also associated with the Impressionist avant-garde—figures including Dora Hitz, Gotthardt Kuehl, Sabine Lepsius, Heinrich Eduard Linde-Walther, Christian Rohlfs, Maria Slavona, and Lesser Ury, whose works are well worth rediscovering. The exhibition is held under the patronage of Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier and was organized in cooperation with the Museum Frieder Burda in Baden-Baden."},"guides":[{"guide":"699cad18c2b692a515e02a98","fileGroup":{"fileNumber":"200","file":{"de":"699cad9abab706a9c9e9ff79","en":"699cad9bbab706a9c9e9ff90"}},"id":"699cad9cac824e155569b094"}],"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":2.799999999999998,"y":1.7300000000000002,"z":0.1},"position":{"x":9.563583680383694,"y":-5.901093548292007,"z":-6.668238833540182,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","position":{"x":9.563583680383694,"y":-5.901093548292007,"z":-6.668238833540182},"id":"69a9cba3b366e7001bdbe932"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"faed3f2bec3043e5b6ab492fa6c99420","rotation":{"x":2.7697442550513984,"y":0.7390439302945533}}}},"guides":[{"guide":{"createdAt":"2026-02-23T19:40:08.053Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-23T19:40:08.293Z","type":"audioAdults","exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","duration":53,"name":{"de":"Avantgarde audioAdults","en":"Avant-garde audioAdults"},"title":{"de":"Avantgarde","en":"Avant-garde"},"subtitle":{"de":"Max Liebermann und der Impressionismus in Deutschland","en":"Max Liebermann and Impressionism in Germany"},"description":{"de":null,"en":null},"id":"699cad18c2b692a515e02a98"},"id":"699cad1869833f108942d80c"}],"galleries":[{"hall":"0A1","description":{"de":"Im Kaiserreich der 1870er Jahre blieb die moderne Kunst von einer akademischen, dunkeltonigen Ateliermalerei geprägt. Der französische Impressionismus wurde zunächst kaum zur Kenntnis genommen. Künstlerinnen und Künstler orientierten sich an Vorbildern aus der Schule von Barbizon mit ihren Szenen des bäuerlichen Lebens. Weitere Anregungen kamen aus Holland vom naturalistischen Ansatz der Haager Schule. Aber in ihrer Genremalerei thematisierten deutsche Maler bereits den Alltag der einfachen Bevölkerung. In dieser realitätsnahen, erzählerischen Form stellten sie fortschrittliche soziale Einrichtungen wie Altersheime oder Waisenhäuser dar. Erst ab den 1890er Jahren setzte sich die impressionistische Freilichtmalerei durch und entwickelte sich in verschiedenen Zentren – etwa in Berlin, Weimar, München und Dresden.","en":"In the German Empire of the 1870s, modern art was initially dominated by academic, dark-toned studio painting, with scant attention paid to French Impressionism. Artists emulated the painters of the Barbizon School with their scenes of rural life; further inspiration came from the Naturalist approach of the Hague School in Holland. In their genre painting, however, German artists had already focused on the everyday life of simple people, depicting progressive social institutions such as homes for the elderly or orphanages in realistic, narrative form. Not until the 1890s did Impressionist plein-air painting begin to gain ascendancy and develop in various centers such as Berlin, Weimar, Munich, and Dresden."},"coverImage":"69ac78e38097165e80978076","3dModel":"69abe1738097165e80972b9e","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"69abe1738097165e80972b9e","id":"69d2682902142f001b7bbafd"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"a825051634504d47bfa08ede513c9e16","rotation":{"x":-0.18290301007447793,"y":-91.59095658303293}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.61,"y":1.5,"z":0.1},"position":{"x":16.1849431558635,"y":-5.753971432758682,"z":2.7140947209338986,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","position":{"x":16.1849431558635,"y":-5.753971432758682,"z":2.7140947209338986},"id":"69a9c6d4b366e7001bdbe92a"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"418c4358a1c94b8d98522389d3189adf","rotation":{"x":1.3821167751173435,"y":-179.95304653467497}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"699c59c0c8462c590418ebda","title":{"de":"Impressionismus in Deutschland","en":"Impressionism in Germany"},"subtitle":{"de":"Erste Schritte","en":"First Steps"}},{"hall":"0A2","description":{"de":"Bei Aufenthalten in Frankreich entdeckten Malerinnen und Maler aus Deutschland neue Motive – beleuchtete Cafés und Brücken, flanierende Bürger in Parks, ein mondänes Opernpublikum oder Spaziergängerinnen in weißen Kleidern an den Stränden der Normandie. Mit ihrem subjektiven Ausdruck sei die impressionistische Lichtmalerei der geeignete Stil, das moderne Leben auf die Leinwand zu bringen, befand der Kunsthistoriker Julius Meier-Graefe in seinem Buch Entwicklungsgeschichte der modernen Kunst von 1904. Um die Jahrhundertwende stellten die Berliner Secession und die Galerie Paul Cassirer regelmäßig Gemälde von Claude Monet oder Édouard Manet aus, die wegen ihrer Modernität kurz zuvor in Frankreich noch als skandalös empfunden worden waren. In Deutschland mobilisierten diese Ausstellungen die Opposition gegen die vom Kaiser erwünschte nationale Kunst.","en":"Painters from Germany discovered new motifs during visits to France: illuminated cafés and bridges, middleclass citizens strolling in the park, fashionable operagoers, and women in white dresses walking on the beaches of Normandy. In his 1904 book The Development of Modern Art, art historian Julius Meier-Graefe asserted that with its quality of subjective expression, the Impressionist painting of light was the style best suited to capturing modern life on canvas. Around the turn of the century, paintings by Claude Monet and Édouard Manet— whose modernity had provoked scandal in France only shortly before—were regularly shown at the Berlin Secession and the gallery of Paul Cassirer. In Germany, such exhibitions mobilized opposition against the nationalist art favored by the emperor."},"coverImage":"69ac78fb8097165e809780ab","3dModel":"69abe1908097165e80972bcd","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"69abe1908097165e80972bcd","id":"69d2682902142f001b7bbafe"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"806ea65bdc7d44f8a9a233266e61c9f8","rotation":{"x":-0.31363119887476254,"y":-90.78922355324279}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.1,"y":1.51,"z":1.58},"position":{"x":28.810409009016883,"y":-5.6670751489359095,"z":-5.520094712712668,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","position":{"x":28.810409009016883,"y":-5.6670751489359095,"z":-5.475964966364144},"id":"69a9c744b366e7001bdbe92b"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"a778ae629f5e4975a121cd4e790cf66c","rotation":{"x":0.5807506007366604,"y":90.38991315020537}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"699c5a25c8462c590418ebdb","title":{"de":"Motive des modernen Lebens","en":"Motifs of Modern Life"},"subtitle":{"de":"Anregungen aus Frankreich","en":"Impulses from France"}},{"hall":"1A3","description":{"de":"Mit der rapiden Stadterweiterung entwickelte sich Berlin bereits vor 1871 zur modernen Metropole. Breite Boulevards und künstliche Beleuchtung entstanden. Straßenansichten und nächtliche Szenen wurden zum Bildthema. Auch Gartenlokale und Biergärten fanden Eingang in das Motivrepertoire, ebenso die neuen bürgerlichen Freizeitvergnügen wie Reit- und Ruderausflüge, Schlittschuhlaufen und Segelpartien. Fasziniert von der rasanten Entwicklung hielten die Maler das geschäftige Treiben der Metropole mit dynamischer Pinselführung fest. Sie thematisierten die Sehnsucht des Großstadtmenschen nach Erholung im Grünen, aber auch die Anonymität urbaner Zentren. Die Gemälde zeigen eine ambivalente Sicht auf die Stadt als pulsierenden Kulturraum und zugleich als Ort emotionaler Überforderung.","en":"Even before 1871, the rapidly expanding city of Berlin had already developed into a modern metropolis. With the advent of broad boulevards and artificial lighting, street views and nocturnal scenes became subject matter for painting. Outdoor pubs and beer gardens also found entrance into the repertoire of motifs, as did new bourgeois leisure activities such as riding and rowing excursions, ice skating, and sailing parties. Fascinated by this rapid development, artists captured the hustle and bustle of the metropolis in dynamic brushstrokes, exploring city dwellers’ longing for recreation in nature as well as the anonymity of the urban centers. Their paintings show the metropolis in an ambivalent light, as both a pulsating cultural hub and an emotionally draining environment."},"coverImage":"69ac79128097165e809780dd","3dModel":"69abe1a48097165e80972bfb","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"69abe1a48097165e80972bfb","id":"69d2682902142f001b7bbaff"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"7b3c364118dc492fb5f7ef4b34dcf215","rotation":{"x":-0.06937142870633313,"y":-90.60562589642487}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.58,"y":1.51,"z":0.12},"position":{"x":10.216923896945767,"y":1.8040132021720545,"z":-6.67663334610434,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","position":{"x":10.216923896945767,"y":1.8040132021720545,"z":-6.67663334610434},"id":"69a9c789b366e7001bdbe92c"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"9cbe37ff676248ef89b42607b352e601","rotation":{"x":1.0020398149256033,"y":0.5271364769352488}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"699c5a90c8462c590418ebdc","title":{"de":"Die Moderne im Blick","en":"Looking at Modernity"},"subtitle":{"de":"Stadtbilder","en":"Images of the City"}},{"hall":"1A4","description":{"de":"Im 19. Jahrhundert entstand in Europa eine neue Kultur der Kur- und Badeorte. Der Ausbau der Eisenbahn seit den 1840er Jahren machte die Küste auch für breitere Bevölkerungsschichten zugänglich. Die Popularität des Badeurlaubs gab auch der Freilichtmalerei neue Motive. Ihre Bilder zeigen Strandpromenaden und reitende Urlauber an der holländischen Küste ebenso wie badende Kinder an heimischen Seen. Die skizzenhafte Malweise und das leuchtende Kolorit verleihen den Gemälden eine unbeschwerte Heiterkeit. Die impressionistische Malerei vereinte die neue Naturverbundenheit mit dem Freizeitvergnügen am Wasser und schuf Wunschbilder, die dem modernen Zeitgeist entsprachen.","en":"The nineteenth century saw the rise of a new culture of spas and seaside resorts in Europe. Beginning in the 1840s, the expansion of the railroad enabled broader segments of the population to travel to the coast. The popularity of holidays on the water also offered new motifs for plein-air painters: Artists depicted beach promenades and horseback rides on the Dutch coast, as well as children swimming in local lakes. The loose brushwork and brilliant colors lend their images an atmosphere of carefree pleasure. Impressionist painting combined the new interest in nature with leisure activity on the water, creating idealized images that reflected the modern zeitgeist."},"coverImage":"69ac79228097165e8097810d","3dModel":"69abe1c68097165e80972c29","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"69abe1c68097165e80972c29","id":"69d2682902142f001b7bbb00"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"d6dabd6d03a941639ae909490a213d52","rotation":{"x":-5.973735766689567,"y":-88.43333351429997}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.13,"y":1.51,"z":1.58},"position":{"x":28.82785708098857,"y":1.7594022610747229,"z":-4.640620257265184,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","position":{"x":28.82785708098857,"y":1.7594022610747229,"z":-4.640620257265184},"id":"69a9c7d2b366e7001bdbe92d"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"eced14a6192548a2801325190d510285","rotation":{"x":5.033653328230904,"y":89.81821936978946}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"699c5ac5c8462c590418ebdd","title":{"de":"Frische und Dynamik","en":"Fresh Air and Movement"},"subtitle":{"de":"Draußen am Wasser","en":"Holiday on the Water"}},{"hall":"1A5","description":{"de":"Die Gründerzeit rief im deutschen Bürgertum den Wunsch hervor, die Generation der Erben im Portrait festzuhalten. 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Their vision was modeled on the contemporary portraits of children by Mary Cassatt and Pierre- Auguste Renoir, produced for French and American patrons who had founded bourgeois dynasties in the wake of the economic boom. Such families had great expectations for their progeny and devoted tremendous care to their education. Yet the free brushwork and evocation of sunlight in Impressionist painting also evoked a feeling of carefree childlikeness and the spirit of new beginnings. The portraits of children reflect the liberated spirit of educational reform, which leveled criticism at religious training and militarism and sought to transform the school into a place of inspiration."},"coverImage":"69ac79388097165e8097813d","3dModel":"69abe1d88097165e80972c57","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"69abe1d88097165e80972c57","id":"69d2682902142f001b7bbb01"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"b2b66f7ed5e24dea80a83b2c0911a324","rotation":{"x":-1.5252843618039569,"y":90.69407103992197}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.13,"y":1.51,"z":1.59},"position":{"x":-4.499463071851816,"y":1.7134630553079016,"z":0.3947824570230657,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","position":{"x":-4.499463071851816,"y":1.7134630553079016,"z":0.3947824570230657},"id":"69a9c825b366e7001bdbe92e"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"b9b05d7b53b446939bd305e3c01b768c","rotation":{"x":5.892904223755567,"y":-89.66791985659655}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"699c5b32c8462c590418ebde","title":{"de":"Voller Erwartung","en":"Great Expectations"},"subtitle":{"de":"Kinderbilder","en":"Images of Children"}},{"hall":"Lel_1","description":{"de":"Neben Szenen des modernen Lebens Malerinnen und Maler auch den Blick auf Haus und Garten im impressionistischen Stil fest. Die Gemälde geben Einblicke in das Familienleben und feiern das Zuhause als Rückzugsort. Oft wirken die Darstellungen als Wunschbilder, die zur Identifikation einladen. Private Szenen spiegeln die Souveränität des aufstrebenden Bürgertums, das seine Erfahrungswelt für bildwürdig hielt. Bei den im häuslichen Raum ent- standenen Stillleben ging es nicht mehr wie in vergangenen Jahrhunderten um allegorische Bedeutungen, sondern um die Malerei an sich. Hier verleihen Pinselführung und Oberflächengestaltung den Bildern häufig bereits einen abstrakt anmutenden Charakter.","en":"Along with scenes of modern life in public spaces, painters also embraced the Impressionist style for views of homes and gardens. Their paintings portray glimpses of family life and celebrate the domestic sphere as a place of retreat. The depictions often seem like idealized images, inviting the viewer to identify with them. Private scenes reflect the independence of the rising bourgeoisie, who considered their own experiential world to be appropriate subject matter for painting. Still lifes in a domestic context were no longer intended to convey allegorical meaning as in past centuries but rather to draw attention to the medium of painting itself. Here, brushwork and surface quality often lend the pictures an almost abstract character."},"coverImage":"69ac79eb8097165e809781d7","3dModel":"69abe2078097165e80972cb0","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"69abe2078097165e80972cb0","id":"69d2682902142f001b7bbb02"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"42e00d6e051e4a4e81482c302a463cf0","rotation":{"x":-3.1779078416771616,"y":177.46440315362986}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.59,"y":1.51,"z":0.15000000000000002},"position":{"x":-7.805337473018424,"y":1.6745706021853002,"z":4.4251227905240365,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","position":{"x":-7.805337473018424,"y":1.6745706021853002,"z":4.4251227905240365},"id":"69a9c877b366e7001bdbe92f"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"39d181e3ef0c452e82b9bf322bf25c39","rotation":{"x":4.25617330354263,"y":0.8666807142645168}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"699c5e63c8462c590418ebe0","title":{"de":"Intime Welten","en":"Intimate Worlds"},"subtitle":{"de":"Haus und Garten","en":"Homes and Gardens"}},{"hall":"Lel_2","description":{"de":"Die prägende Bedeutung des Theaters um 1900 als Erlebnisraum von Emotionen spiegelte sich auch in der Malerei. Künstler brachten mit Motiven aus der Welt der Oper große Gefühle auf die Leinwand. Max Liebermann, Max Slevogt und Lovis Corinth setzten den impressionistischen Pinselduktus ein, um ihren Bildern eine vibrierende Dramatik zu verleihen. Ihre Kompositionen waren ein Resonanzraum der zeitgleichen Neuerungen im Theater und im modernen Tanz. Nach dem Vorbild Édouard Manets malte Slevogt Rollenportraits des Baritons Francisco d’Andrade. Daneben inszenierten die Maler biblische Geschichten wie Simson und Delila als Ausdruck des Geschlechterkampfs, der im Zug der Emanzipationsbewegung an Brisanz gewann.","en":"Around 1900, the importance of theater as an arena for emotional experience left its mark on painting as well. Artists turned to motifs from the world of opera to capture strong feelings on canvas. Max Liebermann, Max Slevogt, and Lovis Corinth used the Impressionist brushstroke to lend vibrating dynamism to their pictures, while contemporary innovations in theater and modern dance also resonate in their compositions. Inspired by Édouard Manet, Slevogt painted role portraits of baritone Francisco d’Andrade. He also presented biblical stories such as that of Samson and Delilah as an expression of the battle between the sexes, a theme that gained explosive effect in the wake of the emancipation movement."},"coverImage":"69ac79518097165e80978174","3dModel":"69abe1eb8097165e80972c82","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"69abe1eb8097165e80972c82","id":"69d2682902142f001b7bbb03"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"9f6c64e4b5aa445da11c0e2f9d5b5d65","rotation":{"x":-3.960745563761768,"y":160.94346344964777}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.16000000000000003,"y":1.51,"z":1.59},"position":{"x":-15.131959996781916,"y":1.7840799148523092,"z":14.62161710677593,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","position":{"x":-15.131959996781916,"y":1.7840799148523092,"z":14.675420861993592},"id":"69a9c8acb366e7001bdbe930"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"2d3cc0ae2de34d488b3f063aa0936e6b","rotation":{"x":6.17261471442415,"y":90.51804913158877}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"699c5ea9f98a598161227a5e","title":{"de":"Theatralität","en":"Theatricality"},"subtitle":{"de":"Große Gefühle auf Bühne und Leinwand","en":"Strong Emotions on Stage and Canvas"}},{"hall":"1B5","description":{"de":"Im Jahr 1909 erwarb Max Liebermann ein Anwesen am Wannsee, auf dem er einen prächtigen Garten anlegte. Ab 1915 widmete er sich überwiegend dessen Darstellung. Die unterschiedlichen Bereiche – Blumengarten, Nutzgarten, Gärtnerhäuschen, Wannseeterrasse und Birkenwäldchen – nahm er in nahezu zweihundert Gemälden in den Blick. Die Serien einzelner Motive und die Konzentration auf den eigenen Garten erinnern an Claude Monets Fokus auf seinen Seerosenteich in Giverny zur selben Zeit. Für Liebermann bedeutete sein Garten mehr als ornamentale Blütenpracht oder Inspiration zur Malerei. Vom wachsenden Antisemitismus in Deutschland verbittert, fand der Künstler hier seit den 1920er Jahren einen Rückzugsraum.","en":"In 1909 Max Liebermann purchased an estate in Wannsee. The magnificent garden he planted there became the primary subject of his art from 1915 on. In nearly two hundred paintings, he turned his gaze to different areas of the grounds—flowerbeds, vegetable garden, gardener’s hut, Wannsee terrace, and birch groves. The series of individual motifs and interest in his own garden recall Claude Monet’s focus on his water-lily pond in Giverny at around the same time. 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The exhibition explores the multifaceted meaning of the unicorn through the ages and documents its artistic representation from its origins to the present. Like no other creature, the unicorn has sparked the imagination of artists.   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Each culture assigned it different meanings.  Artistic representations were influenced by local visual conventions and regional fauna. Gazelles or ibexes could be shown with a single horn. This did not always refer to the mythical unicorn.  In Christian Europe, the image of the mythical beast first arrived after an unknown author from the second or third century had described the unicorn in his treatise the Physiologus. 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Biblical stories of this kind were the Creation, the Garden of Eden, and the Flood. One theme from classical antiquity is the myth of Orpheus, who tamed the wild animals. Though none of these stories explicitly mentioned the unicorn.  The unicorn appears as an animal among animals, indicating that its presence was taken for granted. The charm of the unfamiliar and the unicorn’s mythical appearance also appealed to artists, who often placed it in a prominent position to attract the viewer’s eye."},"coverImage":"69171a1d8c90c86166e3cb8b","3dModel":"691ca460fe97058bca30ca5b","startPoint":{"sweepId":"c06c9fa4cbf941b6b47b0ee1249dd7f8","rotation":{"x":-3.67,"y":-87.33}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"608ebf463b0a4df09e46f19675f7a427","rotation":{"x":6.58,"y":0.46}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.95,"y":2.04,"z":0.2},"position":{"x":20.34,"y":-5.51,"z":-6.7,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68f8b371a06b5a0566961b2f","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"691ca460fe97058bca30ca5b","id":"6af57d878094650001320998"}],"title":{"de":"Tier unter Tieren","en":"An Animal Among Animals"},"subtitle":{"de":"Illustrationen zu Bibel, Heiligenlegenden und Mythen","en":"Illustrations for the Bible, Saints’ Legends, and Myths"}},{"hall":"0A2","description":{"de":"Über viele Jahrhunderte war das Einhorn ein christliches Symbol. Seine Bedeutung ging von der Schrift Physiologus aus. Sie fügte den antiken Quellen über das Einhorn eine Legende hinzu: Das wilde Tier könne nur durch eine Jungfrau gefangen werden. Das Einhorn stehe für Jesus, die Jungfrau für Maria. So erhob der Physiologus das Einhorn zu einer Allegorie des zentralen christlichen Mysteriums, der Menschwerdung Gottes.  Diese Vorstellung war Ausgangspunkt für die Darstellungen des Einhorns in Gebetbüchern und auf Altarbildern. Am häufigsten gezeigt ist die Szene der Verkündigung, die Botschaft an Maria von der Empfängnis Jesu.","en":"The unicorn was a Christian symbol for many centuries. Its meaning was derived from the text Physiologus. It added a legend to the antique sources about the unicorn: the wild animal could only be captured by a virgin. The unicorn represented Christ, while the virgin symbolized Mary. In this way, the Physiologus elevated the unicorn to an allegory of the Incarnation, the central mystery of the Christian faith.  This idea served as the point of departure for countless unicorn images in prayer books and altarpieces. The scene most often shown is the Annunciation, where Mary receives the message of Jesus’ conception.  With changes in religious iconography after about 1550, the motif of the unicorn lost its significance. Its presence persisted, however, on altarpieces that continued be displayed."},"coverImage":"69171b028c90c86166e3cbe7","3dModel":"691ca49dfe97058bca30cad1","startPoint":{"sweepId":"a9fa979022e944b0b78e96baa8cc14f6","rotation":{"x":-4.26,"y":-88.68}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"8f02326a65d04639bc8a04f905dec9ce","rotation":{"x":1.88,"y":90.12}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.2,"y":2.04,"z":1.95},"position":{"x":29.07,"y":-5.51,"z":0.32,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68f8b3b4a06b5a0566961b30","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"691ca49dfe97058bca30cad1","id":"6af57d878094650001320999"}],"title":{"de":"Von der Verkündigung bis zur Auferstehung","en":"From Annunciation to Resurrection"},"subtitle":{"de":"Das Einhorn in der christlichen Bildwelt","en":"The Unicorn in Christian Iconography"}},{"hall":"1A3_1","description":{"de":"Noch während die religiöse Deutung von Jungfrau und Einhorn vorherrschte, etablierte sich das Thema auch im weltlichen Bereich. Im 15. Jahrhundert zeigten Kunstwerke das enge Miteinander von Frau und Tier. Sie bewegen sich im Spannungsfeld zwischen mütterlicher Fürsorge und Verführung.  Die Künstler gingen von der christlichen Ikonographie aus, die den Zeitgenossen präsent war. Nun jedoch konnte das Einhorn für die Mahnung zu ehelicher Treue, das Ideal der Triebbeherrschung oder die Liebesverfallenheit des Minnesängers stehen. Dabei war die Legende von der Besänftigung des Einhorns durch die Jungfrau stets mitgedacht.  Zeitgleich mit dem Nachlassen der christlichen Wertschätzung des Einhorns klang auch die weltliche Darstellung von Frau und Einhorn am Ende des 16. Jahrhunderts aus.","en":"At a time when virgin and unicorn still conveyed a predominantly religious meaning, the theme also established itself outside the ecclesiastical realm. In the fifteenth century works of art showed the close companionship of a woman and the animal. They suggested associations ranging from maternal care to seduction.  Artists drew upon the familiar Christian iconography, well known to contemporaries. Now, however, the unicorn could symbolize marital fidelity, the ideal of self-control, or the amorous passion of the lovesick troubadour. The legend of the taming of the unicorn by a virgin also resonated in such scenes.  During the same period as the waning of the Christian interpretation of the unicorn, the secular iconography of woman and unicorn also declined at the end of the sixteenth century."},"coverImage":"69171ba88c90c86166e3cc36","3dModel":"691ca4b5fe97058bca30cb1c","startPoint":{"sweepId":"2efc479f77a648edb229219be812fba9","rotation":{"x":-0.98,"y":-90.9}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"79d0b2a68cd04dc592f9c3cf3dbaf3c6","rotation":{"x":8.99,"y":179.59}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.95,"y":2.04,"z":0.2},"position":{"x":11.72,"y":1.86,"z":2.73,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68f8b4f8a06b5a0566961b35","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"691ca4b5fe97058bca30cb1c","id":"6af57d87809465000132099a"}],"title":{"de":"Innige Gemeinschaft","en":"Intimate Companionship"},"subtitle":{"de":"Die Jungfrau und das Einhorn","en":"The Unicorn and the Virgin"}},{"hall":"1A3_2_1","description":{"de":"Niemals hatte jemand in Europa das Einhorn gesehen, von dem die antiken Texte berichten. Aber die in Kirchenschätzen und Kunstkammern aufbewahrten Narwalzähne, als Horn des Einhorns angesehen, galten als Beweis seiner Existenz. Reiseberichte aus fernen Gebieten erwähnten Einhorn-Vorkommen, Illustrationen beglaubigten die Schilderungen.  Die Wissenschaft des 16. Jahrhunderts forderte die Überprüfbarkeit von Wissen und hinterfragte die Quellen. Sie begann, am Bestehen des Einhorns zu zweifeln. Naturforscher des 17. Jahrhunderts bewiesen die tatsächliche Herkunft des „Einhorn-Horns“ vom Narwal. Diese Erkenntnis erschütterte das überlieferte Bild vom Aussehen des Einhorns und damit den Glauben an sein Dasein. Dennoch blieb seine Gestalt Teil des Bildgedächtnisses.","en":"The unicorn described by the ancient authors had never been seen in Europe. Yet the narwhal tusks preserved in church treasuries and princely cabinets of curiosities, believed to be unicorn horns, were considered proof of the animal’s existence. Travel reports from distant lands mentioned unicorn sightings, illustrations authenticated the descriptions.  Sixteenth-century science demanded the verification of knowledge and questioned the reliability of sources. It cast doubt on the reality of the unicorn. Seventeenth-century naturalists demonstrated that “unicorn horn” came from the narwhal. This discovery undermined the traditional image of the unicorn’s appearance and, with it, the belief in its existence. Yet its figure remained present in visual memory."},"coverImage":"69171d198c90c86166e3cd6c","3dModel":"691ca4cdfe97058bca30cb5a","startPoint":{"sweepId":"13f4c65b743b48469b006a1480bda8fc","rotation":{"x":-4.33,"y":-88.18}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"071b03a6ffa74fc880b71395fbdcc46b","rotation":{"x":10.93,"y":-179.21}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.95,"y":2.04,"z":0.2},"position":{"x":18.8,"y":1.91,"z":2.67,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68f8b3f4a06b5a0566961b31","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"691ca4cdfe97058bca30cb5a","id":"6af57d87809465000132099b"}],"title":{"de":"Augenzeugen und Naturforscher","en":"Eyewitnesses and Naturalists"},"subtitle":{"de":"Das Einhorn in Reisebericht und Tierkunde","en":"The Unicorn in Travel Reports and Animal Lore"}},{"hall":"1A3_2_2","description":{"de":"Bereits die frühesten Quellen sprachen dem Horn des Einhorns medizinische Eigenschaften zu. Wer aus einem Gefäß trinke, das daraus gefertigt ist, sei gefeit gegen Krampf und Epilepsie. In einer christlichen Legende hieß es, das Einhorn könne einen See vom Gift einer Schlange reinigen.  Auf dieser Überlieferung gründete im Mittelalter der Glaube an die heilende Wirkung des Einhorn-Horns. Fürsten ließen sich daraus Trinkpokale anfertigen und überprüften ihre Speisen mit Stücken dieses Horns. In Pulverform war es ein begehrtes Heilmittel gegen nahezu alle Krankheiten.  Im 16. Jahrhundert begannen Ärzte, den Nutzen des Hornpulvers zu bezweifeln. Doch blieb es weiterhin Teil von Arzneirezepturen. Der anhaltende Glaube an seine kurierende Kraft spiegelt sich auch im Namen der Einhorn-Apotheken.","en":"Medicinal properties were ascribed to unicorn horn already in the earliest sources. Drinking from a vessel made from it was said to protect against convulsions and epilepsy. According to a Christian legend, the unicorn could rid a lake of snake venom.  This tradition formed the basis for medieval belief in the healing power of unicorn horn. Princes had drinking goblets fashioned from the horn and used pieces of it to test their food. In powdered form, it was a sought-after cure for nearly every ailment.  In the sixteenth-century physicians began to question the effectiveness of the powdered horn. Yet it continued to be included in medicinal recipes. The persistent belief in its healing power is also reflected in the use of the name “Einhorn” (unicorn) for apothecaries."},"coverImage":"69171e9b8c90c86166e3cded","3dModel":"691ca4effe97058bca30cb9f","startPoint":{"sweepId":"2f051b60f2a147e29405c8c863c81c7b","rotation":{"x":-2.12,"y":-122.67}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"72e07e496cab4122b631b98ab32046c3","rotation":{"x":11.04,"y":179.41}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.95,"y":2.04,"z":0.2},"position":{"x":22.61,"y":2.05,"z":2.6,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68f8b433a06b5a0566961b32","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"691ca4effe97058bca30cb9f","id":"6af57d87809465000132099c"}],"title":{"de":"Sagenhafte Kraft gegen Gift","en":"A Legendary Antidote"},"subtitle":{"de":"Das Einhorn in der Heilkunde","en":"The Unicorn in Medicine"}},{"hall":"1A4","description":{"de":"Seit dem 16. Jahrhundert sammelten Fürsten und wohlhabende Bürger kostbare und seltene Objekte in Kunst- und Wunderkammern. Das Horn des Einhorns – tatsächlich der Zahn des Narwals – war überaus begehrt. Das lag nicht nur an seiner Stellung zwischen Phantastik und Wirklichkeit, sondern auch an seinem besonderen Erscheinungsbild sowie seiner kulturellen Bedeutung. Das mythische Einhorn erschien in den Kunstkabinetten auch als anmutige Kleinplastik in Elfenbein oder Silber ausgeführt.  Das Einhorn war das Kunstkammerstück schlechthin – ein edles Rarissimum, das Staunen erregte und seinen Besitzer adelte. Die Zeit der Kunst- und Wunderkammern begann in der Renaissance und reichte bis ins 18. Jahrhundert. Diese Sammlungen bildeten im Kleinen die ganze Welt ab – zu der gehörte auch das Einhorn.","en":"From the sixteenth century on, princes and wealthy citizens collected precious, rare, or unusual objects in Kunst- and Wunderkammern (chambers of art and curiosities). Unicorn horn—in actuality the tusk of the narwhal—was highly coveted not only for its mingling of fantasy and reality, but also for its unusual appearance and cultural meaning. The mystic unicorn appeared in chambers of art in the form of elegant figurines fashioned of ivory or silver.  The unicorn was the Kunstkammer piece par excellence, a noble rarissimum that provoked astonishment and enhanced its owner’s prestige. The era of art and curiosity chambers began in the late Renaissance and continued into the eighteenth century. Such collections were microcosms of the entire world—a world to which the unicorn also belonged."},"coverImage":"69171ebd8c90c86166e3ce24","3dModel":"691ca50efe97058bca30cbde","startPoint":{"sweepId":"5b8c9b809a904810a918275ad499e827","rotation":{"x":0.14,"y":-90}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"70180a4d0fd8434f9bf7f6150076fc6e","rotation":{"x":8.31,"y":137.79}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.95,"y":2.04,"z":1.4},"position":{"x":30.17,"y":1.93,"z":0.68,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68f8b4bba06b5a0566961b34","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"691ca50efe97058bca30cbde","id":"6af57d87809465000132099d"}],"title":{"de":"Kostbar, selten, staunenswert","en":"Precious, Rare, Astonishing"},"subtitle":{"de":"Glanzstück der Kunst- und Wunderkammer","en":"Showpiece of the Kunst- and Wunderkammer"}},{"hall":"1A5","description":{"de":"Neben der Bedeutung, die das Einhorn über Jahrhunderte im Christentum, in Naturkunde, Medizin und Kunstkammer hatte, erscheint es seit dem späten Mittelalter in den unterschiedlichsten Zusammenhängen. Das Einhorn war im Bildgedächtnis fest verankert und wurde zum frei verfügbaren Kulturgut.  So fand es als Allegorie der Keuschheit Verwendung, es diente im politischen Bereich als herrschaftliches Signum, in der Heraldik der persönlichen Identifikation. Lehrhafte Embleme betonten Eigenschaften wie Kostbarkeit und Schnelligkeit – an die noch Handelsmarken im 20. Jahrhundert anknüpften.  Jede dieser Inanspruchnahmen konnte auf die ästhetische Besonderheit des Einhorns bauen, sein ansprechendes Äußeres garantierte Aufmerksamkeit. Das hervorstehende Horn wirkt wie ein Ausrufezeichen.","en":"In addition to the significance the unicorn held for centuries in Christianity, natural science, medicine, and Kunstkammer, it appeared in a wide range of iconographic contexts from the late Middle Ages onward. Firmly anchored in visual memory, the unicorn became a freely adaptable cultural element.  It was employed as an allegory of chastity, appeared as an insignia of rulership in the political realm, and was used in heraldry as a marker of personal identity. Didactic emblems emphasized specific qualities such as preciousness and speed—associations that even found an echo in twentieth-century trademarks.  Each of these uses relied on the unicorn’s distinctive aesthetic appeal, as its attractive appearance was sure to draw attention. The prominent horn even resembles an exclamation point."},"coverImage":"69171f248c90c86166e3ce67","3dModel":"691ca523fe97058bca30cc28","startPoint":{"sweepId":"78ada544dcea41799552142881f5a9be","rotation":{"x":-1.82,"y":87.76}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"765e63c44f3a4241a48090130be36301","rotation":{"x":5.38,"y":-91}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.23,"y":1.86,"z":1.95},"position":{"x":-4.22,"y":1.96,"z":0.34,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68f8b52fa06b5a0566961b36","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"691ca523fe97058bca30cc28","id":"6af57d87809465000132099e"}],"title":{"de":"Viele Eigenschaften, viele Bedeutungen","en":"Many Qualities, Many Meanings"},"subtitle":{"de":"Das Einhorn als Symbol","en":"The Unicorn as Symbol"}},{"hall":"Lel","description":{"de":"Zu den wichtigsten Eigenschaften des Einhorns zählten die frühen Autoren seine Wildheit, Angriffslust und Stärke. Diese Einschätzung beruhte auch auf einer Vermischung mit Berichten über das Nashorn. Das späte Mittelalter sah das Einhorn in Gesellschaft der Wilden Leute, dem Gegenbild zur Zivilisation.  Gegenüber allen Lebewesen verhielt sich das Einhorn aggressiv. Es attackierte andere Tiere, etwa Drachen und Löwen sowie seinen Lieblingsfeind, den Elefanten. Aber auch Menschen waren vor ihm nicht sicher. In persischen wie europäischen Heldenerzählungen musste ein mutiger Kämpfer gegen ein böses Einhorn antreten.  Diesen unheimlichen und bedrohlichen Aspekt des Einhorns thematisierten Künstler bis ins 16. Jahrhundert. Auch die zeitgenössische Kunst kennt die kämpferische Natur des Einhorns.","en":"According to early authors, the wildness, belligerence, and strength of the unicorn were among its most important characteristics. This assessment was also based on a conflation with reports about the rhinoceros. In the late Middle Ages, the unicorn was envisioned in the company of the Wild People, the antithesis of civilization.  The unicorn behaved aggressively toward all living creatures. It attacked other animals such as the dragon and the lion, as well as its archenemy, the elephant. Nor were human beings exempt from its threat. In heroic epics from Persia and Europe a courageous warrior confronted a malevolent unicorn.  This uncanny and menacing aspect of the unicorn was a theme for artists into the sixteenth century. Contemporary art also reflects the combative nature of the unicorn."},"coverImage":"691720298c90c86166e3cf03","3dModel":"691ca538fe97058bca30cc71","startPoint":{"sweepId":"bc9109a0dcd6463a913891a23e9292cd","rotation":{"x":-1.12,"y":-179.18}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"1e1f07594dc0422ab58cc711cfb3dfb9","rotation":{"x":3.82,"y":0.85}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.95,"y":1.86,"z":0.23},"position":{"x":-12.47,"y":2,"z":4.36,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68f8b47aa06b5a0566961b33","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"691ca538fe97058bca30cc71","id":"6af57d87809465000132099f"}],"title":{"de":"Wehrhaft und streitbar","en":"Defiant and Combative"},"subtitle":{"de":"Das Einhorn bei den Wilden Leuten und im Kampf gegen Tiere und Menschen","en":"The Unicorn Among the Wild People and in Battle with Animals and Men"}},{"hall":"1B5","description":{"de":"Bevor das Einhorn um 1600 aus der Malerei verschwand, war es in der europäischen Kunst allgegenwärtig, seine Bedeutung als Symbol festgelegt. Das war anders, als sich am Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts Künstler – und im 20./21. Jahrhundert auch Künstlerinnen – dem Einhorn zuwandten. Bei solchen Aneignungen konnten Elemente der Überlieferung eine Rolle spielen oder aber neue Bezüge entstehen. Als neues Medium eröffnete der Film im 20. Jahrhundert die Möglichkeit, das Erscheinen des Tieres zu thematisieren. Das Einhorn war und ist flexibel genug, sich in ironischer oder sakraler, symbolistischer oder surrealer, magischer oder träumerischer, selbst abstrakter Verwendung zu behaupten. In einer von Rationalismus dominierten Welt ist sein Refugium die künstlerische Phantasie.","en":"Before the unicorn disappeared from painting around 1600, it was ubiquitous in European art and was firmly established as a symbol. The situation changed when, at the end of the nineteenth century, artists—and, in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, also women artists—turned their attention to the unicorn. Such appropriations could be informed by elements of tradition, or new associations could emerge. In the twentieth century, the new medium of film opened up possibilities for exploring manifestations of the animal.  The unicorn was and is flexible enough to assert itself in an ironic or sacral, Symbolist or Surrealist, magical, dreamlike, or even abstract form. In a world dominated by rationalism, it finds its refuge in the imagination of the artist."},"coverImage":"6917207d8c90c86166e3cf3e","3dModel":"691ca555fe97058bca30ccaf","startPoint":{"sweepId":"33e309971a27424c83a1d5b0bd11aa14","rotation":{"x":-1.96,"y":-171.91}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"e514a9ba56e1415e9042951465581fa6","rotation":{"x":8.68,"y":89.21}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.23,"y":1.5,"z":1.5},"position":{"x":-11.53,"y":2.07,"z":33.12,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68f8b569a06b5a0566961b37","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"691ca555fe97058bca30ccaf","id":"6af57d8780946500013209a0"}],"title":{"de":"Aneignung, Identifikation, Verwendung","en":"Appropriation, Identification, Utilization"},"subtitle":{"de":"Das Einhorn in der Kunst seit dem 19. Jahrhundert","en":"The Unicorn in Art Since the Nineteenth Century"}},{"hall":"0B1","description":{"de":"Das Medium Film kann die Abfolge von Erscheinen, Präsenz und Entfernen des Einhorns zeigen. Anders als im überlieferten Bildschema verschmelzen Frau und Einhorn zu einer Figur. Das Auftreten des Fabeltiers bleibt unbegründet und rätselhaft. Seine Gegenwärtigkeit ist unverfügbar.","en":"Das Medium Film kann die Abfolge von Erscheinen, Präsenz und Entfernen des Einhorns zeigen. Anders als im überlieferten Bildschema verschmelzen Frau und Einhorn zu einer Figur. Das Auftreten des Fabeltiers bleibt unbegründet und rätselhaft. 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These roots and his Jewish origins were combined with a painterly interest in everyday rural scenes and a sympathy for anarchism."},"subtitle":{"de":"Der Impressionist Pissarro","en":"Camille Pissarro's Impressionism"},"title":{"de":"Mit offenem Blick.","en":"The Honest Eye."},"id":"685d564171f13d6f5913d07f"},"id":"685f90ad385bd807f6560824"}],"galleries":[{"hall":"0A1_1","description":{"de":"Lichtdurchflutete Uferlandschaften mit Palmen, einfache Hütten in tropischer Natur, einheimische Frauen im Gespräch – solche Motive prägen die frühesten Werke Camille Pissarros. Die künstlerischen Ursprünge des Malers liegen nicht in Frankreich, sondern auf der Karibikinsel Saint Thomas, seinem Geburtsort, und in Venezuela, wo er von 1852 bis 1854 lebte. Bereits in seinen ersten Gemälden und Zeichnungen zeigt sich Pissarros Interesse an der Freilichtmalerei und atmosphärischen Landschaften sowie dem Leben der einfachen Bevölkerung. Der Sohn einer jüdischen Kaufmannsfamilie wuchs in einer Umgebung kultureller Vielfalt auf und erlebte als junger Mann die Abschaffung der Sklaverei mit. In die Gruppe der Impressionisten in Frankreich brachte er eine internationale Perspektive ein.","en":"Sun-drenched shore landscapes with palms, simple huts in a tropical setting and local women engaged in conversation—such motifs shape the earliest works of Camille Pissarro. His artistic origins were not in France but on the island of Saint Thomas in the Caribbean, where he was born, and in Venezuela, where he lived from 1852 to 1854. Pissarro’s interest in plein-air painting and atmospheric landscapes as well as the life of ordinary people is already evident in his first paintings and drawings. The son of a Jewish merchant family, he grew up in a culturally diverse environment and experienced the abolition of slavery as a young man. In France, Pissarro introduced an international perspective to the Impressionist group."},"coverImage":"685ad1559dc10a47245076db","3dModel":"685f9f92f5c4cef12a03a8a9","startPoint":{"sweepId":"2939ee276db748de8462a7207069d99a","rotation":{"x":-5.09,"y":-89.95}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"9f3fbfc64fe84bfabe352cfdb9268c6d","rotation":{"x":4.32,"y":90.95}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.05,"y":1.71,"z":1.38},"position":{"x":6.36,"y":-5.52,"z":0.5,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68592873ef4a7e11c6cf2959","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685f9f92f5c4cef12a03a8a9","id":"6af57d8780946500013209a3"}],"title":{"de":"Unter Palmen und am Hafen","en":"Under Palm Trees and at the Port"},"subtitle":{"de":"Künstlerische Anfänge in der Karibik","en":"Artistic Beginnings in the Caribbean"}},{"hall":"0A1_2","description":{"de":"Camille Pissarro ließ sich 1855 in Frankreich nieder, wo er bereits einen Teil seiner Schulzeit verbracht hatte. Der Realismus seiner frühen Landschaftsbilder ist von Künstlern der Schule von Barbizon wie Camille Corot und Gustave Courbet beeinflusst. Oft malte er die Nutzgärten, Felder und Straßen in seinen Wohnorten Pontoise und Louveciennes. Manche kritisierten diese Motive als banal, andere feierten sie als echt und ehrlich. Neben seinem Interesse für das bäuerliche Leben gehörte Pissarro zu den ersten Impressionisten, die die industrialisierten Pariser Vororte als moderne Landschaft bildwürdig machten. Er begann den Wandel eines Motivs zu unterschiedlichen Jahres- und Tageszeiten zu erkunden. Während des Deutsch-Französischen Krieges 1870/71 floh er nach London, wo er seinen Galeristen Paul Durand-Ruel kennenlernte.","en":"Camille Pissarro moved to France in 1855, having already spent part of his school years there. The realistic style of his early landscape paintings was influenced by artists of the Barbizon School such as Camille Corot and Gustave Courbet. Pissarro often painted the vegetable gardens, fields, and roads in the towns of Pontoise and Louveciennes, where he lived. Many viewers criticized these motifs as banal, while others celebrated them as genuine and honest. In addition to his interest in rural life, Pissarro was one of the first Impressionists to embrace the industrialized suburbs of Paris as a worthy subject for modern landscape painting. He began to explore the transformation of motifs at different times of day and year. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, he fled to London, where he met art dealer Paul Durand-Ruel."},"coverImage":"685ad1659dc10a472450770e","3dModel":"685ac8119dc10a4724507240","startPoint":{"sweepId":"8c76a75a1b894461b55b5ebff1e214c0","rotation":{"x":-1.34,"y":-89.45}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"dec7639f5b86430c8fb3499c1ca6288b","rotation":{"x":11.38,"y":0.74}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.36,"y":1.79,"z":0.05},"position":{"x":15.24,"y":-5.53,"z":-6.74,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"685928ceef4a7e11c6cf295a","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685ac8119dc10a4724507240","id":"6af57d8780946500013209a4"}],"title":{"de":"Der Weg zum Impressionismus","en":"The Path to Impressionism"},"subtitle":{"de":"Moderne Landschaften","en":"Modern Landscapes"}},{"hall":"0A2","description":{"de":"Camille Pissarros große Familie spielte in seinem Leben eine wichtige Rolle. Gegen den elterlichen Willen heiratete er eine katholische französische Winzertocher, Julie Vellay, die er als Bedienstete in seinem Elternhaus kennengelernt hatte. Das Paar hatte acht Kinder, von denen ein Sohn als junger Erwachsener und zwei Mädchen als Kinder starben. Verglichen mit seinen zahlreichen Landschaften malte Pissarro nur wenige Portraits seiner Familienmitglieder. Sie haben eher privaten Charakter. Die Stärke und Lebenserfahrung seiner Frau brachte er mit pastosen, kräftigen Pinselstrichen zum Ausdruck, die Zartheit seiner jungen Tochter Jeanne-Rachel mit gedeckten Tönen und transparenterem Farbauftrag. Pissarro regte auch seine Kinder an, sich künstlerisch zu schulen – fünf von ihnen ergriffen den Beruf des Vaters.","en":"Camille Pissarro’s large family played an important role in his life. Against his parents’ will, he married Julie Vellay, a French Catholic winegrower’s daughter who had been employed as a maid in his family home. The couple had eight children, three of whom died: one son as a young adult and two daughters during childhood. Compared to the many landscapes he painted, Pissarro created only a few portraits of his family members. These works tend to be private in character. He used powerful, impasto brushstrokes to express his wife’s strength and life experience and evoked the frail constitution of his young daughter Jeanne-Rachel with muted tones and a more transparent application of paint. Pissarro also encouraged his children to acquire artistic training, and five of them followed in his professional footsteps."},"coverImage":"685ad20c9dc10a4724507a3f","3dModel":"685ac8579dc10a472450729b","startPoint":{"sweepId":"892b273ec94b43c19de80862f2024c63","rotation":{"x":0.65,"y":-89.7}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"f2a4ab29480d4b3ab3948b76fa406feb","rotation":{"x":5.37,"y":-0.58}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.42,"y":1.76,"z":0.15},"position":{"x":30.48,"y":-5.63,"z":-6.94,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68592905ef4a7e11c6cf295b","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685ac8579dc10a472450729b","id":"6af57d8780946500013209a5"}],"title":{"de":"Familienbilder","en":"Family Pictures"},"subtitle":{"de":"Portraits und Stillleben","en":"Portraits and Still Lifes"}},{"hall":"1A3_1","description":{"de":"Seit den frühen 1870er Jahren verwendete Camille Pissarro zunehmend eine hellere Farbpalette und einen gebrochenen Pinselstrich – beides sind zentrale Merkmale des Impressionismus. Die Jury des Pariser Salons lehnte seine unkonventionelle, skizzenhafte Freilichtmalerei mehrfach ab. Um sich von den staatlichen Ausstellungen unabhängig zu machen, gründete Pissarro 1873 mit Kollegen wie Claude Monet und Edgar Degas die Société anonyme des artistes peintres, sculpteurs, graveurs, etc. Als Einziger nahm er an allen acht Ausstellungen teil, die die Gruppe zwischen 1874 und 1886 veranstaltete. In den ersten Jahren befasste er sich mit der Darstellung von Landschaften zu verschiedenen Jahres- und Tageszeiten, die häufig von Staffagefiguren bevölkert sind. So betont Pissarro das Wechselverhältnis von Mensch und Natur.","en":"From the early 1870s on, Camille Pissarro increasingly adopted a lighter color palette and a broken brushstroke—both central characteristics of Impressionism. His unconventional, sketch-like plein-air painting was repeatedly rejected by the jury of the Paris Salon. To gain independence from these state-sponsored exhibitions, he helped found the Société Anonyme des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs, etc. in 1873 with fellow painters, including Claude Monet and Edgar Degas. Pissarro was the only artist to participate in all eight of the exhibitions organized by the group between 1874 and 1886. In the early years, he concentrated on landscapes painted at different times of day and year, often populated with small figures. In doing so, Pissarro emphasized the reciprocal relationship between humans and nature."},"coverImage":"685ad2209dc10a4724507a76","3dModel":"685ac8719dc10a47245072db","startPoint":{"sweepId":"c798c75b48bc4fa5b9d46cfdaf0113ca","rotation":{"x":-3.38,"y":-90.66}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"3de947fcb31d4912a6282d580757a015","rotation":{"x":10.78,"y":-0.14}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.4,"y":1.83,"z":0.05},"position":{"x":11.62,"y":1.91,"z":-6.74,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"685929aeef4a7e11c6cf295c","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685ac8719dc10a47245072db","id":"6af57d8780946500013209a6"}],"title":{"de":"Malerei unter freiem Himmel","en":"Painting Outdoors"},"subtitle":{"de":"Pissarros Impressionismus","en":"Pissarro’s Impressionism"}},{"hall":"1A3_2","description":{"de":"Von 1880 an verschob sich Camille Pissarros Interesse auf bäuerliche Figurenbilder, mit denen er in unterschiedlichsten Medien sein Ideal des ländlichen Lebens zum Ausdruck brachte. Den Frauen, die er bei der Heuernte oder der Weinlese zeigt, geht die Arbeit leicht und rhythmisch von der Hand, fast wie in einer Choreographie. Momente des Innehaltens zeugen von einer ruhigen, erfüllenden Tätigkeit. Durch die Stilisierung der Figuren, die ihnen eine überzeitliche Qualität verleiht, weist Pissarro seinen sorgfältig vorbereiteten Kompositionen universale Bedeutung zu. Inhaltlich fortgeführt werden die Erntebilder in lebhaften Marktszenen, in denen Frauen ihre landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugnisse anbieten. Wie das Ideal des Landlebens entsprach das ausgewogene Verhältnis von Produktion und Konsum Pissarros anarchistischen Überzeugungen.","en":"From 1880 on, Camille Pissarro turned his attention to rural figure scenes, with which he expressed his ideal of country life in a wide variety of media. He shows women harvesting hay or picking grapes, performing their work easily and rhythmically, as if it were choreographed. At times, they pause for a moment, suggesting the peaceful, fulfilling nature of their activity. Pissarro’s stylization of the figures lends them a timeless quality and imbues his carefully developed compositions with universal meaning. The themes evoked by the harvest pictures are continued in lively market scenes in which women offer their agricultural produce for sale. Like the ideal of rural life, the balanced relationship between production and consumption corresponds to Pissarro’s anarchist convictions."},"coverImage":"685ad2489dc10a4724507b04","3dModel":"685ac8889dc10a472450731b","startPoint":{"sweepId":"2f18e44203a8442aa9d0f99737de7467","rotation":{"x":-0.22,"y":-92.1}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"c279288a3d4b429cadafd09233d767be","rotation":{"x":4.89,"y":90.49}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.05,"y":1.79,"z":1.33},"position":{"x":13.62,"y":1.87,"z":-5.23,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"685929faef4a7e11c6cf295d","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685ac8889dc10a472450731b","id":"6af57d8780946500013209a7"}],"title":{"de":"Gemeinschaft auf dem Land","en":"Rural Community"},"subtitle":{"de":"Ernte- und Marktszenen","en":"Harvest and Market Scenes"}},{"hall":"1A4","description":{"de":"1884 bezog Camille Pissarro mit seiner Familie ein Haus in Éragny-sur-Epte, wo neben Bildern der unmittelbaren Umgebung und der Nachbarorte zahlreiche Ansichten seines Gartens entstanden. Der von seiner Frau Julie bewirtschaftete Nutzgarten war jahrelang Existenzgrundlage der Familie, bis diese von den Gemäldeverkäufen Pissarros leben konnte. In den Bildern, die der Künstler ab dem 1893 erfolgten Umbau der Scheune zum Atelier oft vom Fenster aus malte, ist vielfach Julie Pissarro bei der Gartenarbeit zu sehen. Die Wiedergabe der aktiven Gestaltung der Natur unterscheidet Pissarros Szenen von Motiven anderer Impressionisten, die Landschaft vor allem als Freizeitraum des Bürgertums und Objekt ästhetischen Genusses darstellten. Pissarros Arbeit im Atelier stellte einen wichtigen Schritt im künstlerischen Prozess dar, in dem er en plein air festgehaltene Motive auf das Wesentliche reduzierte und zu dekorativen Kompositionen entwickelte.","en":"In 1884, Camille Pissarro and his family moved into a house in Éragny-sur-Epte, where he painted not only the surrounding landscape and the neighboring villages but also numerous views of his garden. For years, the vegetable garden cultivated by his wife, Julie Pissarro, was essential to the family’s support until they could live from the sale of Pissarro’s paintings. After converting the barn into a studio in 1893, the artist frequently painted the garden from the window, often depicting Julie at work. Pissarro’s portrayal of the active shaping of nature distinguishes his scenes from the motifs of other Impressionists, who showed the landscape primarily as the site of bourgeois leisure activities and as an object of aesthetic enjoyment. Pissarro’s studio work marked an important stage in his artistic process, during which he reduced motifs captured en plein air to their essentials and developed them into decorative compositions."},"coverImage":"685ad2599dc10a4724507b46","3dModel":"685ac8a29dc10a472450735d","startPoint":{"sweepId":"e3ae5269457d43fda2f73a406969878d","rotation":{"x":-0.29,"y":-89.85}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"34d42cadb2054b908903276a263f3b04","rotation":{"x":8.86,"y":89.82}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.05,"y":1.91,"z":1.4},"position":{"x":28.82,"y":1.87,"z":1.81,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68592a6cef4a7e11c6cf295e","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685ac8a29dc10a472450735d","id":"6af57d8780946500013209a8"}],"title":{"de":"Blick in den Garten","en":"Garden Views"},"subtitle":{"de":"Das Atelier in Éragny-sur-Epte","en":"The Studio in Éragny-sur-Epte"}},{"hall":"1A5","description":{"de":"Nachdem Camille Pissarro 1885 die jüngeren Kollegen Georges Seurat und Paul Signac kennengelernt hatte, griff er ihre auf neuesten Entwicklungen der Farbtheorie basierende Technik des Divisionismus auf: In kleinen Tupfen auf die Leinwand aufgebracht, sollten sich die Farben nicht mehr auf der Palette, sondern im Auge des Betrachters mischen, um eine stärkere Leuchtkraft zu erzeugen. Pissarro zielte darauf, in seinen Bildern Gegensätze wie Wärme und Kälte oder Licht und Schatten zu einem harmonischen Ganzen zu verbinden. Die Neoimpressionisten strebten „die moderne Synthese“ an. Die Technik war allerdings sehr aufwendig, sodass sich damit weniger Bilder produzieren ließen, und eignete sich nicht für das rasche Festhalten eines unmittelbaren Eindrucks. Daher gab der Künstler ihre strenge Anwendung um 1890 wieder auf. Der Übergang war jedoch fließend – ein Farbauftrag in kurzen Strichen findet sich auch in späteren Werken.","en":"After the encounter with his younger fellow painters Georges Seurat and Paul Signac in 1885, Camille Pissarro adopted their technique, which was based on the newest developments in color theory. The paint was applied to the canvas in small dots, allowing the colors to mix not on the palette but in the eye of the beholder, thereby evoking a greater sense of luminosity. In his paintings, Pissarro sought to unite opposites such as warmth and cold or light and shadow into a harmonious whole in accord with the Neo-Impressionist quest for “a modern synthesis.” The technique was very laborious, limiting the number of pictures that could be produced and making it unsuitable for quickly capturing fleeting impressions. Pissarro therefore abandoned its strict use around 1890. However, the transition was gradual—short brushstrokes continued to appear in his later works."},"coverImage":"685ad26d9dc10a4724507b7e","3dModel":"685fa495f5c4cef12a03b13f","startPoint":{"sweepId":"beac69856c984b6ba9e3a9c26b188efd","rotation":{"x":-0.2,"y":65.75}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"e317e089ecb1466e82a30bbdb40d11cd","rotation":{"x":9.2,"y":-89.34}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.05,"y":1.91,"z":1.4},"position":{"x":-4.5,"y":1.9,"z":-3.89,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68592acdef4a7e11c6cf295f","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685fa495f5c4cef12a03b13f","id":"6af57d8780946500013209a9"}],"title":{"de":"Harmonie der Gegensätze","en":"A Harmony of Opposites"},"subtitle":{"de":"Neoimpressionistische Bilder","en":"Neo-Impressionist Paintings"}},{"hall":"Lel","description":{"de":"Alles fließt in Camille Pissarros Bildern von Paris: Menschen verschiedener sozialer Schichten, die sich zu Fuß und in Fuhrwerken fortbewegen, sind zentraler Bestandteil seiner Stadtlandschaften. Seinen anarchistischen Überzeugungen entsprechend, stellte Pissarro sowohl die Menge als auch das Individuum im modernen Gefüge der Metropole dar. Die Serien, die der Künstler zwischen 1893 und 1903 in der Hauptstadt schuf, zeigen Panoramen aus anonymer Distanz. Pissarro verstand sich als Beobachter, nicht als Bewohner der Metropole. In unterschiedlichen Lichtstimmungen malte er Motive wie den Boulevard Montmartre, den Pont Neuf, die Place du Théâtre Français – die anderen als hässlich galt, für Pissarro aber der Inbegriff von Modernität war – sowie die Seine und den Louvre. Sein Galerist Paul Durand-Ruel ermunterte ihn zu solchen Darstellungen, für die sich progressive Sammler begeistern ließen.","en":"In Camille Pissarro’s images of Paris, all is in flux: crowds of people of different social classes, moving along on foot and in carriages, are a central element of his cityscapes. In line with his anarchist convictions, Pissarro depicted both the crowd and the individual within the fabric of the modern metropolis. The series the artist created in the capital city between 1893 and 1903 show panoramas viewed from an anonymous distance. Pissarro understood himself as an observer of the metropolis, not as an inhabitant. In varying atmospheres of light, he depicted motifs such as the Boulevard Montmartre, the Pont Neuf, and the Place du Théâtre Français—which some considered ugly, but which for Pissarro was the epitome of modernity—as well as the Seine and the Louvre. His dealer Paul Durand-Ruel encouraged him to paint such scenes, which became popular among progressive collectors."},"coverImage":"685ad28f9dc10a4724507bc5","3dModel":"685ad29e9dc10a4724507bfb","startPoint":{"sweepId":"a668b34dbf6147e18a330f11ba72ee27","rotation":{"x":1.21,"y":-179.9}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"d41ec7b0cee3497a8b7de13d4b27c1b1","rotation":{"x":-2.81,"y":-1.4}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.44,"y":1.63,"z":0.05},"position":{"x":-7.1,"y":1.68,"z":4.39,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68592b3aef4a7e11c6cf2960","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685ad29e9dc10a4724507bfb","id":"6af57d8780946500013209aa"}],"title":{"de":"Menschen in der Stadt","en":"City People"},"subtitle":{"de":"Paris-Serien","en":"Paris Series"}},{"hall":"1B5","description":{"de":"In seinen letzten Lebensjahren schuf Pissarro mehrere Bilderserien von Hafenstädten in der Normandie. In Rouen, Dieppe und Le Havre mietete er sich in Hotels am Hafen ein, um vom Fenster aus das geschäftige Treiben der Reisenden und Schaulustigen sowie der Arbeiter beim Be- und Entladen der Schiffe festzuhalten. Unter wechselnden Wetterbedingungen fing Pissarro die lebhafte Atmosphäre und die durchaus poetischen Qualitäten der modernen Industrielandschaften ein. Dabei zielte er darauf, das Verhältnis von Himmel, Boden und Wasser in einer harmonischen Form zu erfassen. Mit diesen Szenen, in denen das Thema des internationalen Handels anklingt, schließt sich der Kreis zu Pissarros künstlerischen Anfängen auf Saint Thomas, wo die doppelte Perspektive des Kaufmannssohns und des angehenden Malers seinen spezifischen Blick auf den Ort des Hafens formte.","en":"In the final years of his life, Pissarro painted multiple series showing ports in Normandy. In Rouen, Dieppe, and Le Havre, he rented rooms in portside hotels in order to paint the bustle of travelers and sightseers from the window, as well as the workers loading and unloading the ships. Under changing weather conditions, Pissarro captured the lively atmosphere and distinctly poetic qualities of the modern industrial landscape. In doing so, he sought to capture the connection between sky, ground and water in a harmonious form. The theme of international trade resonates in these images, bringing us full circle to Pissarro’s artistic beginnings on Saint Thomas, where his double perspective as a merchant’s son and aspiring painter formed his unique awareness of the harbor as a place."},"coverImage":"685ad2b09dc10a4724507c30","3dModel":"685ac8ef9dc10a472450741c","startPoint":{"sweepId":"05fc27f0682645b391b5c539d5d415c9","rotation":{"x":-0.68,"y":-174.66}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"81fc6695f56c4dfcaa10abcc73ab4dcd","rotation":{"x":3.73,"y":90.78}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.05,"y":1.82,"z":1.44},"position":{"x":-11.79,"y":1.9,"z":33.12,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68592b73ef4a7e11c6cf2961","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685ac8ef9dc10a472450741c","id":"6af57d8780946500013209ab"}],"title":{"de":"Motoren des Fortschritts","en":"Motors of Progress"},"subtitle":{"de":"Serien von Hafenstädten in der Normandie","en":"Normandy Port 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There, he joined the group Abstraction-Création, an international forum for abstract art. Many artists fled to Paris to escape political persecution. Under the influence of the Surrealists, Kandinsky began incorporating biomorphic forms into his works. The dominance of the Surrealists, who focused on the unconscious, led to a shift among many members of Abstraction-Création: rigid grid structures gave way to playful compositions and organic shapes. Kandinsky remained in France until his death in 1944. Despite the turmoil of World War II, he continued to explore the spiritual through his art. Many of his colleagues who fled Europe never returned to Paris. 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Die Metropole London, in der etwa Mondrian, Moholy-Nagy und Gabo Exil fanden, bevor sie in die USA emigrierten, wurde zu einem Zentrum der geometrischen Abstraktion. Kontakte zu britischen Künstlern wie Hepworth und Nicholson bestanden bereits durch die Pariser Gruppe Abstraction-Création. Noch vor den Bombenangriffen auf London 1940 zogen Hepworth und Nicholson zur Künstlerkolonie von St. Ives in Cornwall. Sie setzten ihre Arbeit an Reliefs und Skulpturen fort, mit denen sie die geometrische Abstraktion in die Räumlichkeit überführten. Farben und Formen der Küstenland-schaft inspirierten sie. Nach Kriegsende gründete sich in London die Gruppe der Constructionists. In ihren Reliefs, die wie Objekte der Industrieproduktion der 1950er Jahre wirken, verwendeten sie auch neue, synthetische Materialien. Sie reflektieren Optimismus und Modernisierung des Wiederaufbaus.","en":"In the late 1930s, as the threat of war loomed many artists fled to Great Britain. London became a center for geometric abstraction, with exiled artists such as Mondrian, Moholy-Nagy, and Gabo finding refuge there before emigrating to the United States. Connections to British artists like Hepworth and Nicholson had already been established through the Paris-based group Abstraction-Création. Even before the bombing of London in 1940, Hepworth and Nicholson moved to the artist colony in St. Ives, Cornwall. There, they continued their work on reliefs and sculptures, adapting geometric abstraction into three-dimensional forms. They were inspired by the colors and shapes of the coastal landscape. After the war, the Constructionists group formed in London. Their reliefs, which resemble industrial objects of the 1950s, incorporated new synthetic materials. These works reflected the optimism and modernization of postwar reconstruction."},"coverImage":"67b6f6085c358fca3f060244","3dModel":"67ca36a1727202766076e6a2","startPoint":{"sweepId":"1ccb4385d7e941329a07d7ac1d498b44","rotation":{"x":-4.16,"y":57.6}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"289ab6990a8743beb5beba01bd127d5c","rotation":{"x":12.44,"y":-88.94}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.05,"y":1.54,"z":1.95},"position":{"x":-8.93,"y":9.43,"z":2.73,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"id":"67b5dc24b8ecad4268b416d9","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"67ca36a1727202766076e6a2","id":"6af57d8780946500013209b0"}],"title":{"de":"Harmonie der Kräfte","en":"Balanced Forces"},"subtitle":{"de":"Konstruktivistische Utopien in der britischen Kunst","en":"Constructivist Utopias in British Art"},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[]},{"hall":"Lel","description":{"de":"In den 1960er Jahren wandte sich die geometrische Abstraktion in den USA dem monumentalen Format zu. Sie setzte auf klare Grundformen, scharfe Konturen und leuchtende Farben. Damit entfernten sich Künstlerinnen und Künstler von der expressiven Malweise, die in den 1950er Jahren die amerikanische Kunstszene dominiert hatte. In Washington entwickelte eine Gruppe um Kenneth Noland besondere Techniken: Sie gossen oder zogen verdünnte Farben großflächig über die Leinwand. Dabei experimentierten sie mit der psychologischen Wirkung von Farben und ihren Kombinationen. New Yorker Künstler wie Al Held und Frank Stella mieden expressiven Farbauftrag. In ihrem Hard Edge genannten Stil beziehen sich Farbe und Form nur auf sich selbst. Sie reflektierten die geometrische Abstraktion der Vorkriegszeit, jedoch ohne utopische Ideen zu verfolgen. Trotz der Ablehnung narrativer Elemente deuten Titel, Kompositionen und Farbkontraste oft auf kulturelle oder persönliche Kontexte hin.","en":"In the 1960s, geometric abstraction in the United States turned to monumental formats. Artists focused on basic shapes, sharp contours, and vibrant colors, moving away from the expressive painting that had dominated the American art scene in the 1950s. In Washington, a group around Kenneth Noland developed special techniques: they poured or dragged diluted paints over large areas of the canvas, experimenting with the psychological effects of colors and their combinations. New York artists like Al Held and Frank Stella avoided expressive brushwork. In their style, known as Hard Edge, color and form refer only to themselves. They reflected the geometric abstraction of the prewar era but without pursuing utopian ideas. Despite the rejection of narrative elements, often titles, compositions, and color contrasts hint at cultural or personal contexts."},"coverImage":"67b6f66a5c358fca3f0602e0","3dModel":"67ca36b5727202766076e6e3","startPoint":{"sweepId":"9cd9c40f56e04c91a211b6aba3ab484f","rotation":{"x":-2.13,"y":179.07}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"9c3ae8adbe0042ed8bf90e81de8900b2","rotation":{"x":17.88,"y":-0.17}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.71,"y":1.2,"z":0.05},"position":{"x":-17.24,"y":9.4,"z":6.66,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"id":"67b5dc61b8ecad4268b416db","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"67ca36b5727202766076e6e3","id":"6af57d8780946500013209b1"}],"title":{"de":"Kraft der Farbe","en":"The Power of Color"},"subtitle":{"de":"Hard-Edge-Malerei","en":"Hard Edge Painting"},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[]},{"hall":"1B5","description":{"de":"Klare Linien, industrielle Materialien und eine reduzierte Farbigkeit prägen den Minimalismus. Die Formulierung seiner Merkmale in Donald Judds Text „Spezifische Objekte\" von 1964 machte den neuen Stil greifbar. In den 1970er Jahren folgten zahlreiche Künstlerinnen und Künstler in den USA und Europa dem Minimalismus. Statt auf Emotion oder Symbolik zu setzen, fordern minimalistische Werke dazu auf, Nuancen wahrzunehmen: das subtile Zusammenspiel von Licht und Schatten auf einer Oberfläche, die Textur der Materialien oder die veränderliche Beziehung zwischen Objekt und Raum, wenn der Betrachter sich bewegt. Der Minimalismus distanzierte sich von der Idee der Einzigartigkeit des Kunstwerks und verbarg die Spuren handwerklicher Bearbeitung. Manche Künstler ließen ihre Werke sogar industriell produzieren. Leinwände wurden nicht als Bildträger, sondern als Objekte behandelt - Nägel erzeugen plastische Strukturen, Gitter überlagern sich, Kanten sind bemalt.","en":"Clear lines, industrial materials, and a reduced color palette define Minimalism. In his 1964 text \"Specific Objects,\" Donald Judd articulated the characteristics of this new style. Throughout the 1970s, numerous artists in the United States and Europe embraced Minimalism. Rather than focusing on emotion or symbolism, Minimalist works invite viewers to perceive subtle nuances: the interplay of light and shadow on a surface, the texture of materials, or the shifting relationship between object and space as the observer moves. Minimalism distanced itself from the notion of the artwork's uniqueness and concealed traces of manual craftsmanship. Some artists even opted for industrial production of their works. Canvases were treated not as image carriers but as objects-nails form three-dimensional structures, grids overlap, and edges are painted."},"coverImage":"67b6f6ad5c358fca3f060338","3dModel":"67ca36c8727202766076e724","startPoint":{"sweepId":"9d3674e8005a49e59c38b1b3e45d41c3","rotation":{"x":-4.15,"y":178.27}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"ee560ed447c84f76af286387891615e7","rotation":{"x":13.49,"y":90.05}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.05,"y":1.39,"z":1.57},"position":{"x":-16.22,"y":9.48,"z":35.46,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"id":"67b5dcb1b8ecad4268b416dd","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"67ca36c8727202766076e724","id":"6af57d8780946500013209b2"}],"title":{"de":"Essenz der Form","en":"The Essence of Form"},"subtitle":{"de":"Transatlantischer Minimalismus","en":"Transatlantic Minimalism"},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[]},{"hall":"0B1","description":{"de":"Die Kunst der Optical Art - kurz Op-Art - fordert die visuelle Wahrnehmung heraus. Muster auf einer zweidimensionalen Bildfläche scheinen sich zu bewegen oder räumlich hervorzutreten. Dieser Illusionismus macht das Sehen zu einem aktiven Erlebnis. Bereits Malewitsch und Kandinsky hatten in den 1910er und 1920er Jahren in ihren Gemälden mit geometrischen Elementen experimentiert, die schwebend oder dynamisch erscheinen. Die Op-Art knüpfte daran an. Sie nutzte die am Bauhaus erarbeiteten Erkenntnisse der Wirkung von Farben und Formen und überführte sie in die von Technologie, Raumfahrt und dem Flimmern des Fernsehbildschirms geprägte Ästhetik der 1960er Jahre. Kunst, die mit optischen Effekten spielte, entstand unabhängig an verschiedenen Orten. Als Stil wurde sie erst 1965 mit der Ausstellung The Responsive Eye im Museum of Modern Art in New York erkannt.","en":"Optical Art—Op Art for short-challenges visual perception. Patterns on a two-dimensional surface appear to move or protrude, creating an illusion that turns seeing into an active experience. As early as the 1910s and 1920s, artists like Malevich and Kandinsky had experimented with geometric elements that seem to float or appear dynamic. Op Art built on this foundation. It drew on the insights of color and form effects developed at the Bauhaus, translating them for the 1960s aesthetic, which was shaped by technology, space exploration, and the flicker of television screens. Art that played with optical effects emerged independently in various places. It was only recognized as a distinct style in 1965 with the exhibition The Responsive Eye at the Museum of Modern Art in New York."},"coverImage":"67b6f6e85c358fca3f060396","3dModel":"67ca3727727202766076e81c","startPoint":{"sweepId":"f4e96c0760ec4c1b905de55dae875735","rotation":{"x":-2.54,"y":-90.03}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"261234ea1b524a15bab7669f14a2fa22","rotation":{"x":12.48,"y":-0.8}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.64,"y":1.24,"z":0.05},"position":{"x":18.1,"y":1.99,"z":25.62,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"id":"67b5dcffb8ecad4268b416df","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"67ca3727727202766076e81c","id":"6af57d8780946500013209b3"}],"title":{"de":"Space Age","en":"Space Age"},"subtitle":{"de":"Op-Art der 1960er Jahre","en":"Op Art in the Sixties"},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[]},{"hall":"0B2","description":{"de":"Die amerikanischen Op-Art-Künstler Richard Anuszkiewicz und Julian Stanczak waren Schüler des ehemaligen Bauhaus-Lehrers Josef Albers. Dieser war 1933 in die USA emigriert, wo er mit der Serie Huldigung an das Quadrat die Farb-und Formforschungen fortsetzte, die er am Bauhaus neben Kandinsky begonnen hatte. Seine quadratischen Kompositionen gelten als Vorläufer der Op-Art. Seine beiden Schüler griffen Albers' Schema des Quadrats auf. Auch sie untersuchten, wie Farben je nach ihrer Kombination hervorzutreten oder zurückzuweichen scheinen, opak oder transparent wirken. Sie führten jedoch grellere Farben und stärkere Kontraste ein, die intensive Effekte erzeugen und die Grenzen der Wahrnehmung ausreizen.","en":"The American Op Artists Richard Anuszkiewicz and Julian Stanczak were students of the former Bauhaus teacher Josef Albers. Albers had emigrated to the United States in 1933, where he began his series Homage to the Square. These geometric compositions continued the research on color and form, which he had begun at the Bauhaus alongside Kandinsky—they are considered precursors to Op Art. Both students adopted Albers' square framework. Like him, they explored how colors can seem opaque or transparent, and appear to advance or recede depending on their combination. 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Sie sind die Komponenten der geometrischen Abstraktion. Ihr Vorreiter war Wassily Kandinsky, der mit seinen Schriften ihre theoretischen Grundlagen legte. Kosmos Kandinsky. Geometrische Abstraktion im 20. Jahrhundert spannt einen Bogen von den 1910er bis in die 1970er Jahre und beleuchtet den Einfluss Kandinskys durch seine Kunst, seine Theorie und sein Netzwerk. Die Ausstellung zeigt, wie die geometrische Abstraktion - auch durch erzwungenes Exil vieler Künstler - in Europa und den USA zur universellen Bildsprache wurde. Kandinskys Lehre vom „Geistigen in der Kunst\" belegt, wie auch Kompositionen von Formen und Farben die fortschrittlichen Theorien einer Epoche widerspiegeln und Träger psychologischer Wirkungen sein können. Die Klarheit und reduzierte Formensprache der geometrischen Abstraktion reagierte auf die Präzision und Dynamik einer von Technik geprägten Welt. Eine Ausstellung des Museums Barberini, Potsdam. Mit großzügiger Unterstützung der Fondation Gandur pour l'Art, Genève.","en":"At the beginning of the twentieth century, art underwent a profound transformation. Artists no longer depicted the visible world. Against the backdrop of industrialization, revolutions, and scientific discoveries, artistic elements such as color, as well as point, line, and plane gained new significance. These elements became the building blocks of geometric abstraction. Its pioneer, Wassily Kandinsky, laid its theoretical foundations through his writings. Kandinsky's Universe: Geometric Abstraction in the 20th Century spans from the 1910s to the 1970s and highlights Kandinsky's influence through his art, theories, and network. The exhibition demonstrates how geometric abstraction-partly due to the forced exile of many artists—became a universal visual language in Europe and the United States. Kandinsky's doctrine of the \"Spiritual in Art\" illustrates how compositions of forms and colors can reflect the progressive theories of an era and evoke psychological responses. The clarity and reduced formal language of geometric abstraction was a reaction to the precision and dynamism of a world shaped by technology. An exhibition by the Museum Barberini, Potsdam. 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Von Steinbrüchen in der Normandie wurde das Material für die Boulevards und die neuen Quartiere in der rasant wachsenden Metropole verschifft. Neben Getreide und Gemüse aus dem Pariser Umland brachten Lastkähne Muscheln, Textilien und andere Konsumgüter zum Verkauf in der Stadt. Daneben war die Seine auch Schauplatz des modernen Segelsports und Ausflugsziel erholungs-suchender Städter, die mit der Eisenbahn in die Vororte gelangten - Aspekte des modernen Lebens, die die Impressionisten wie selbstverständlich in ihre Landschaftsbilder integrierten.","en":"The Impressionists developed their repertoire of motifs through the landscapes along the Seine. Working outdoors and focusing on the here and now, they renounced the anecdotal elements that characterized earlier landscape painting. They sharpened their skills of observation on the reflecting surfaces of the Seine. In addition to the constant change of light and of the clouds in the sky, other dynamic moments were observed in the reflections and flowing of the water. As early as 1865 Pierre-Auguste Renoir and Alfred Sisley embarked on a painting excursion along the Seine that ended in the estuary at Le Havre. Many artists in this collection continue to be associated with towns along the Seine such as Argenteuil, Giverny, and Moret, among them Eugène Boudin, Gustave Caillebotte, Claude Monet, Paul Signac, and Alfred Sisley. In the second half of the nineteenth century industrialization and increased efficiency further transformed the Seine. Steamships operated on supply routes to the capital and brought steel for the construction of railways and arcades from the foundries on the river. Building materials for the boulevards and new neighborhoods in the quickly growing metropolis were also shipped from the stone quarries in Normandy. Besides grain and vegetables from the surrounding countryside, barges transported mussels, textiles, and other goods to be sold to urban consumers. The Seine was also the scene of modern sailing sports and a destination for day-trippers from the city, who reached the suburbs by train. These were aspects of modern life that the Impressionists integrated into their landscape paintings as a matter of course."},"coverImage":"67b6feec5c358fca3f0608ec","3dModel":"67cae5520aa4f91dd2e19358","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6ac98bfcbb42ed4293e293a9","id":"69d26d9f02142f001b7bbdb0"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"b94e0753bc874be6871095f7a74b2b98","rotation":{"x":-3.198625977050304,"y":-89.58411633330434}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.72,"y":1.96,"z":0.05},"position":{"x":22.441025447270306,"y":-5.453227445244186,"z":23.26708578107041,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"67b343f28635bba96e329739","position":{"x":17.98,"y":9.22,"z":25.64},"id":"688e2b600e9aa1b4d8540d1c"},{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","position":{"x":22.5,"y":1.78,"z":23.25},"id":"688e2c2a0e9aa1b4d8540d1d"},{"exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","position":{"x":22.479620200247677,"y":-5.479990490310241,"z":23.26708578107041},"id":"69bd239172d5786b609cf2de"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"84d871ba5bd74725970e2ed4854581da","rotation":{"x":2.589379205785266,"y":0.5620476677299462}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[{"exhibition":"68f753818c90c86166dd78af","x":4.64,"y":-7.51,"z":-2.34,"id":"6929544f208b8c4c6ec7b4e5"},{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","x":4.3587,"y":-7.4989,"z":-2.2513,"id":"69a9d2b9b366e7001bdbe951"}],"id":"67b6faea3f862b6f010e2388"},{"activeTemporaryExhibitions":["67b343f28635bba96e329739","6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","68f753818c90c86166dd78af","699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","6a4a542818d42df607da7bf3","6acc4503051e2c1b61349898"],"hall":"1B4","title":{"de":"Paris und die Peripherie","en":"Paris and the Periphery"},"subtitle":{"de":"","en":""},"description":{"de":"Die Impressionisten beobachteten das Leben auf den Boulevards, in den Kaffeehäusern und Parks. Gewaltige Umbaumaßnahmen hatten die Hauptstadt seit den 1850er Jahren verändert. Im Auftrag Kaiser Napoleons III. hatte Baron Haussmann die Stadt zu einer modernen Metropole umgestaltet: mit monumentalen Sichtachsen und Schneisen für den wachsenden Verkehr, mit neuen Grünanlagen, riesigen Markthallen, Bahnhöfen und Theatern. Gleichförmige Fassaden und Baumreihen, Gaslaternen, Litfaßsäulen, Cafés und Geschäfte säumten die Straßen. Paris war die Stadt mit den nach London meisten Einwohnern. Von 1850 bis 1870 verdoppelte sich deren Anzahl auf zwei Millionen. Neue Straßenzüge führten in die Peripherie. Die Vororte wuchsen durch den Zuzug von Handwerkern und Angestellten, die den steigenden Mieten im Zentrum entgehen wollten. Anders als in London, wo die Arbeiterschaft im Zentrum lebte, entstanden um Paris mit der Industrialisierung die Banlieues. Seit den 1860er Jahren fuhren die erholungssuchenden Pariser mit der Eisenbahn in weniger als fünf Stunden an die Küste der Normandie. In Étretat und Trouville waren Seebäder nach englischem Vorbild entstanden. Anders als im 18. Jahrhundert, als sich der Adel in Kurorten mit Heilquellen, Thermalbädern und Parks erholte, zogen die zum offenen Meer ausgerichteten Badeorte zahllose Touristen an - unter ihnen die Künstler und ihre Sammler.","en":"The Impressionists observed life on the boulevards, in cafés and parks. Massive construction work had transformed the capital since the 1850s. In the service of Napoleon III, Baron Haussmann had turned the city into a modern metropolis with monumental avenues and thoroughfares for the growing traffic, boasting new parks, enormous market halls, train stations, and theaters. Uniform façades and rows of trees, gas lanterns, advertising columns, cafés, and shops lined the streets. After London, Paris was the largest city in the world. Between 1850 and 1870 the population doubled to two million inhabitants. New streets connected the city with the periphery. The suburbs grew when blue- and white-collar workers moved there in search of alternatives to the high rents in the city center. Unlike in London, where the workers lived downtown, in Paris the banlieues were created through industrialization. Since the 1860s Parisians who were looking for recreation were able to travel by railroad to the coast of Normandy in less than five hours. In Étretat and Trouville there were resorts in the style of English baths. Unlike during the eighteenth century, when only the nobility went to spas to take the waters, bathe in hot springs, and relax in parks, countless tourists were drawn to the resorts on the seaside, including the artists and their collectors."},"coverImage":"67b6fea75c358fca3f060891","3dModel":"67caf14d0aa4f91dd2e19be7","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6ac98c02bb42ed4293e293bb","id":"69d26d9f02142f001b7bbdb1"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"9157c44f0845461090806650fae0f4fb","rotation":{"x":-4.368376621908027,"y":-91.36761041006801}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.72,"y":1.96,"z":0.05},"position":{"x":36.34514881438148,"y":-5.3412864270067395,"z":32.87079938585636,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","position":{"x":36.51,"y":1.89,"z":32.78},"id":"688e454d7080e41820ff4559"},{"exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","position":{"x":36.34514881438148,"y":-5.3412864270067395,"z":32.87079938585636},"id":"69bd24a872d5786b609cf2df"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"38d7a963530147c8ba619655596ea983","rotation":{"x":5.7914495710074805,"y":179.11581997411366}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[{"exhibition":"68f753818c90c86166dd78af","x":4.58,"y":-7.55,"z":-2.34,"id":"6929668036d45c4158d58e1e"},{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","x":4.3349,"y":-7.6066,"z":-2.2815,"id":"69a9d2b9b366e7001bdbe952"}],"id":"67b6fbb03f862b6f010e238a"},{"activeTemporaryExhibitions":["67b343f28635bba96e329739","6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","68f753818c90c86166dd78af","699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","6a4a542818d42df607da7bf3","6acc4503051e2c1b61349898"],"hall":"2B6","title":{"de":"Ein neuer Realismus","en":"A New Realism"},"subtitle":{"de":"","en":""},"description":{"de":"Die Motive der Impressionisten sind betont unspektakulär: Kornfelder, Pappelreihen, Feldwege und Wiesen. In den Feldern an ihren Wohnorten fingen sie für ihr Pariser Publikum Aspekte französischer Landschaft ein, die weder nostalgischen noch nationalen Klischees entsprachen. Lebendig werden ihre neuartigen Naturausschnitte durch die bewegte Pinselführung. So offen die Malweise auch ist, so exakt ist doch die Topographie wiedergegeben. Wege versinnbildlichen nicht mehr den Lauf des Lebens wie in der klassischen Landschaftsmalerei, sondern laden die Betrachter ein, Licht und Luft, Tages- und Jahreszeiten mit allen Sinnen zu empfinden. Als Städter nahmen die Künstler das agrarisch geprägte Frankreich mit anderen Augen wahr als die Bauern ihr Ackerland. Während Camille Pissarro und Alfred Sisley sich in ihren Bildern mit der Landbevölkerung in Beziehung setzten, inszenierte Claude Monet sich und seine Familie als Außenstehende. Seine Bilder zeigen das landschaftliche Umfeld Givernys ohne die Arbeit der ansässigen Bauern in den Blick zu nehmen. Mit wechselnden Licht- und Wetter-bedingungen erfassten die Maler atmosphärische Erscheinungen, wie sie die Wissenschaft im 19. Jahrhundert erforschte. Auch die Künstler setzten auf genaue Beobachtung der Phänomene. Dabei entstand keine willkürliche Stimmungsmalerei, sondern ein Protokoll unmittelbaren Erlebens: jeder Pinselstrich eine Information.","en":"The motifs of the Impressionists are adamantly unspectacular: fields of wheat, rows of poplars, forest paths, and meadows. In the fields near their homes, they recorded aspects of the French landscape that did not correspond to nostalgic or national clichés. Their new modern views of nature come alive through animated brushstrokes. Despite the openness of their painting style, their depiction of topography is precise. Paths, for example, instead of symbolizing the course of life as in classic landscape painting, now invite viewers to experience the light, air, times of day, and seasons with all of their senses. As people from the city, the Impressionists perceived France's agrarian tradition in a different way than the farmers saw their land. While Camille Pissarro and Alfred Sisley engaged with rural people in their pictures, Claude Monet staged himself and his family as outsiders. His paintings show the rural environment of Giverny without directly depicting the work of the local farmers. In changing light and weather conditions the painters captured atmospheric phenomena of the sort that nineteenth-century scientists researched. The artists, too, strove for an exact observation of phenomena. Rather than painting random atmospheric effects, they created protocols of direct experience: each brushstroke a piece of information."},"coverImage":"67b6fdd95c358fca3f0607bb","3dModel":"67caea9a0aa4f91dd2e196f7","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"69cea5ca70c4a99939b3a7b2","exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","id":"69cea5b4a9f9cb7f5e8a3dd9"},{"glbFile":"6aca6738af3802bc375cb4d1","id":"6aca6742af3802bc375cb4e0"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"57e7e4f42db341b39a2bbc4b5b4f34e5","rotation":{"x":-9.680895730073015,"y":-88.64976691074105}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.71,"y":1.63,"z":0.05},"position":{"x":22.511528540044413,"y":1.7300481240878167,"z":23.28855454980808,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","position":{"x":22.58,"y":9.17,"z":23.28},"id":"68909e0b55609b65edca8c53"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"2cdbdab184934c26985cebf84d7d746c","rotation":{"x":6.6548849019929035,"y":0.4648490428018768}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[{"exhibition":"68f753818c90c86166dd78af","x":4.53,"y":-7.63,"z":-2.31,"id":"6929671636d45c4158d58e20"},{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","x":4.3788,"y":-7.5149,"z":-2.2826,"id":"69a9d2b9b366e7001bdbe953"}],"id":"67b6fbcf3f862b6f010e238c"},{"activeTemporaryExhibitions":["67b343f28635bba96e329739","6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","68f753818c90c86166dd78af","699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","6a4a542818d42df607da7bf3","6acc4503051e2c1b61349898"],"hall":"2B7","title":{"de":"Moderne am Meer","en":"Modernity by the Sea"},"subtitle":{"de":"","en":""},"description":{"de":"Frankreich war keine Seefahrer-nation. Doch gewannen die Küsten der Bretagne und der Normandie im Lauf des 19. Jahrhunderts an Bedeutung. Le Havre, wo Eugène Boudin und Claude Monet ihre ersten Malkampagnen starteten, war nach Marseille der zweitgrößte französische Hafen. Schon zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts waren hier die Baumwollschiffe aus der Neuen Welt angekommen. Der oft archaisch anmutende Charakter der Hafenstädte mit ihren Segelschiffen täuscht, denn sie hatten ihre Wirtschaft bereits von der vorindustriellen Produktion auf moderne Dienstleistungen umgestellt. Um dem expandierenden Handel gerecht zu werden, wurden französische Häfen nach dem Vorbild der Londoner Docks umgebaut. Auch Le Havre rüstete sich für immer größere Dampfschiffe: 1872 wurde damit begonnen, den von Boudin und Monet dargestellten Außenhafen mit einer neuen Kaimauer auszubauen. Impressionistische Hafendarstellungen dienten nicht wie die Marinemalerei Englands und der Niederlande dazu, dem Nationalstolz auf die Flotte Ausdruck zu verleihen. Die Künstler ließen sich von Vorbildern der Alten Meister anregen und arbeiteten die Modernität der Hafenstädte heraus. Künstliche Beleuchtung zeigt den neuen Takt des Warenumschlags an. Intensivierung und Verdichtung zeigt auch Monets Malerei. In London hatte er, wie wenig später auch Berthe Morisot - die einzige Frau, die von Beginn an mit den Impressionisten ausstellte -, nicht nur die englischen Docks, sondern auch die dynamische Malerei William Turners kennen-gelernt.","en":"Although France was not a seafaring nation, the coasts of Brittany and Normandy gained importance over the course of the nineteenth century. Le Havre, where Eugène Boudin and Claude Monet started their first painting campaigns, was the second largest port in France after Marseille. Ships carrying cotton from the New World had been landing there since the early nineteenth century. The often archaic appearance of the ports with their sailboats is misleading, because they had already transformed their economy from preindustrial production to modern services. To keep up with the expanding trade, French harbors were rebuilt after the model of the London Docks. Le Havre also underwent modification to accommodate steamers of increasing size: in 1872 work was begun on the expansion of the outer harbor, which Boudin and Monet painted, with a new quay wall. Impressionist depictions of harbors did not serve the purpose of marine painting in England or the Netherlands, which was to express pride in the national fleet. The artists were inspired by works by the Old Masters and focused on the modernity of the ports. The new rhythm of cargo handling was illuminated by artificial lighting. Monet also intensified and consolidated what he saw. He had visited the Docks in London, where he had also come into contact with the dynamic paintings of William Turner, as Berthe Morisot (the only woman who exhibited with the Impressionists from the very beginning) would do soon after him."},"coverImage":"67b6fd9f5c358fca3f06075f","3dModel":"67caea810aa4f91dd2e196b1","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6ac98c07bb42ed4293e293c8","id":"69d26d9f02142f001b7bbdb2"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"746bbec610d54a738089e95655a7bbaf","rotation":{"x":-1.7332663117722966,"y":-88.13002317384505}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.73,"y":1.78,"z":0.05},"position":{"x":36.295291715468736,"y":1.7431240139936892,"z":32.89291112944722,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","position":{"x":36.43,"y":9.06,"z":32.79},"id":"6890a8de55609b65edca8c54"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"71683e11979a448184ca83eced81a88b","rotation":{"x":4.7290422604697735,"y":-179.45780790657918}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[{"exhibition":"68f753818c90c86166dd78af","x":4.53,"y":-7.63,"z":-2.31,"id":"6929674836d45c4158d58e22"},{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","x":4.4157,"y":-7.5162,"z":-2.31,"id":"69a9d2b9b366e7001bdbe954"}],"id":"67b6fbe93f862b6f010e238e"},{"activeTemporaryExhibitions":["67b343f28635bba96e329739","6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","68f753818c90c86166dd78af","699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","6a4a542818d42df607da7bf3","6acc4503051e2c1b61349898"],"hall":"2B8","title":{"de":"Gartenbilder","en":"Garden Scenes"},"subtitle":{"de":"","en":""},"description":{"de":"Im 19. Jahrhundert entwickelte sich die Gartenkultur, ausgehend von England, zur Leidenschaft gebildeter Schichten. Auch das Interesse an importierten exotischen Pflanzen nahm zu. Die Impressionisten pflegten ihre Vorliebe für das Wandelbare auch im eigenen Garten und brachten mit diesem neuen Thema den Wechsel von Tages- und Jahreszeiten zur Anschauung. Claude Monets Schaffen ist untrennbar mit dem Wassergarten verbunden, den er in den 1890er Jahren anlegte und dessen Seerosenteich zum bestimmenden Motiv seines Spätwerks wurde. Doch bereits seit den 1870er Jahren setzte sich der begeisterte Hobbygärtner intensiv mit dem Thema der Hortikultur auseinander. Dieses Interesse teilte Monet mit Freunden wie Gustave Caillebotte, dem Schriftsteller Octave Mirbeau und dem Politiker Georges Clemenceau. Bei japanischen Händlern in Paris erwarben sie Blumenzwiebeln und -samen, aus denen sich die Farbenpracht ihrer Gärten entwickeln sollte. Mit Chrysanthemen züchteten sie eine Pflanze, die in Japan die Sonne symbolisiert. Caillebotte regte der Austausch mit Monet zu Stillleben mit Blumen des eigenen Gartens an. Künstlergärten wurden um die Jahrhundertwende aber auch ein wichtiges Thema, weil sie die Möglichkeit boten, Naturbilder mit Innenraumdarstellungen zu verbinden.","en":"In the nineteenth century, garden culture developed into a hobby of the educated classes after the English model. There was also an increase in the importation of exotic plants. In their own gardens the artists around Claude Monet cultivated their love for variability and sought to visualize the changing times of day and seasons through this new subject. Claude Monet's oeuvre is inextricably linked with the water garden he created in the 1890s and whose water-lily pond became the defining motif of his late work. But the enthusiastic amateur gardener had already been working intensively on the subject of horticulture since the 1870s. Monet shared his passion for designing gardens with friends including Gustave Caillebotte, the writer Octave Mirbeau, and the politician Georges Clemenceau. With flower bulbs and seeds purchased from Japanese merchants in Paris, they developed the rich coloring of their gardens. The chrysanthemums they cultivated, for example, symbolized the sun in Japan. Exchanges with Monet encouraged Caillebotte to paint still lifes with flowers from his own garden. Artist gardens were also an important topic at the turn of the century because they offered the possibility of combining images of nature with interiors."},"coverImage":"67b6fd5f5c358fca3f060704","3dModel":"67b6fd795c358fca3f060729","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6ac98c0bbb42ed4293e293d5","id":"69d26d9f02142f001b7bbdb3"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"94bbacaebc824854b2ad8b880598d7de","rotation":{"x":6.75,"y":90.41}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.05,"y":1.54,"z":1.69},"position":{"x":-4.527419331655285,"y":1.965678908391232,"z":25.299877878595325,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","position":{"x":-4.32,"y":9.17,"z":25.5},"id":"6890ae4355609b65edca8c55"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"b03fe40655134fd78b466764400fd1b1","rotation":{"x":8.5,"y":-88.88}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[{"exhibition":"68f753818c90c86166dd78af","x":4.53,"y":-7.63,"z":-2.24,"id":"6929677736d45c4158d58e24"},{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","x":4.4274,"y":-7.5024,"z":-2.2343,"id":"69a9d2b9b366e7001bdbe955"}],"id":"67b6fc063f862b6f010e2390"},{"activeTemporaryExhibitions":["67b343f28635bba96e329739","6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","68f753818c90c86166dd78af","699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","6a4a542818d42df607da7bf3","6acc4503051e2c1b61349898"],"hall":"2A8","title":{"de":"Die Farbe Weiß","en":"The Color White"},"subtitle":{"de":"","en":""},"description":{"de":"Die Winter der 1860er bis 1890er Jahre waren schneereich. Auch in Gegenden Frankreichs, in denen es selten schneit, fielen bis zu 30 Zentimeter Schnee. Am Ende der Kleinen Eiszeit, die im 17. Jahrhundert begonnen hatte, kam es zu einer Erwärmung, die zu einer zirkulierenden Feuchtigkeit in den unteren Schichten der Atmosphäre und zu ungewöhnlich hohen Niederschlägen führte. Schon den Landschaftsmaler Gustave Courbet hatte diese Ausnahme-situation, die die Landschaft ver-fremdete, zu Winterbildern inspiriert. Wie dieser waren die Impressionisten nicht mehr daran interessiert, das Heroische zu thematisieren, das dem Schnee im kollektiven Gedächtnis nach den Winterkriegen Napoleons eingeschrieben war. Die Verwandlung der Landschaft durch den Schnee gab den Malern die Freiheit, sich auf Licht und Farbe zu fokussieren. Die Künstler arbeiteten bei Minus-graden unter erschwerten Bedin-gungen. Sie setzten sich der eisigen Kälte aus, um dem Schnee die optischen Phänomene der Lichtbrechung auf den Kristallen abzugewinnen. Wie bei ihren Darstellungen von Wasserflächen ging es den Malern um die visuelle Verschränkung von Himmel und Erde. Sie beobachteten das Schauspiel des Widerscheins vom Himmelblau und glühender Sonnenuntergänge. Die Reflexionen auf dem Schnee setzten sie in teils abstrakt anmutende Malerei um.","en":"There was a particularly large amount of snow during the winters between the 1860s and the 1890s. Even areas of France that rarely experienced snowfall had up to thirty centimeters of snow. This was due to a rise in temperature that resulted in circulating humidity in the lower layers of the atmosphere and an unusual amount of precipitation at the end of the Little Ice Age, which had begun in the seventeenth century. This unusual situation, which transformed the landscape, had already inspired Gustave Courbet to paint winter scenes. Like Courbet, the Impressionists were no longer interested in heroic subject matter that was engraved in the collective memory following Napoleon's winter campaign. The metamorphosis of the landscape due to the snow gave painters the freedom to focus on light and color. The artists worked at sub-zero temperatures under difficult conditions. They endured icy cold in order to depict the optic phenomena of light refraction on snow crystals. Similar to their representation of water surfaces, the painters were interested in the visual connection between the sky and earth. They observed the spectacle of the reflections of sky blue and firey sunsets. They captured reflections on snow in paintings that were at times nearly abstract in outlook."},"coverImage":"67b6fd255c358fca3f0606a6","3dModel":"67b6fd3f5c358fca3f0606ce","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6ac98c0fbb42ed4293e293e2","id":"69d26d9f02142f001b7bbdb4"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"1ee280e8416e4f0d9bbdf9150c19e9d0","rotation":{"x":0.93,"y":90.27}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.1,"y":1.53,"z":1.65},"position":{"x":-4.56446306946763,"y":1.9538980866039903,"z":0.4313419181075244,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","position":{"x":-3.88,"y":9.16,"z":0.48},"id":"6890d1902cd0e82723613b84"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"23511c4ef5334e9882bc233476bfe7e6","rotation":{"x":8.01,"y":-90.19}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[{"exhibition":"68f753818c90c86166dd78af","x":4.45,"y":-7.63,"z":-2.24,"id":"692967e936d45c4158d58e26"},{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","x":4.3117,"y":-7.5016,"z":-2.1985,"id":"69a9d2b9b366e7001bdbe956"}],"id":"67b6fc1d3f862b6f010e2392"},{"activeTemporaryExhibitions":["67b343f28635bba96e329739","6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","68f753818c90c86166dd78af","699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","6a4a542818d42df607da7bf3","6acc4503051e2c1b61349898"],"hall":"2A6","title":{"de":"Die Küsten Europas","en":"The Coasts of Europe"},"subtitle":{"de":"","en":""},"description":{"de":"Nur die Venedig-Ansichten Claude Monets erinnern noch an die Grand Tour der Künstler voriger Jahrhunderte. Die Stadt hatte schon den Romantikern eine atmosphärische Lichtmalerei entlockt. Die Malerei des Nordens und die Beobachtung der heimischen Natur hatten in Monets Generation das Vorbild der Antike und der an der italienischen Campagna geschulten klassizistischer Landschaftsmalerei abgelöst. Wenn Eugène Boudin, Berthe Morisot und später Paul Signac Italien besuchten, dann nicht auf den traditionellen Wegen. Vielmehr reisten sie mit der Eisenbahn entlang der Küsten wie andere Touristen. Die Küsten Nord- wie Südeuropas wurden im späten 19. Jahrhundert mit Postkarten touristisch vermarktet. Die Maler stellten sich dieser Konkurrenz, indem sie mit den Aus-schnitttechniken der Photographie arbeiteten. Ihre pastose Malerei stand im Gegensatz zu den glatten Oberflächen des neuen Mediums. Die Côte d'Azur wurde touristisch zur gleichen Zeit erschlossen, als sich Cross und Signac dort in den 1890er Jahren niederließen. Das Sonnenlicht, das die Maler in den Süden zog, war für sie eine Energie, die künstlerische Neuerungen mit gesellschaftlichen Utopien speiste. Die drei Generationen der Impressionisten, Pointillisten und Fauvisten - Zeitgenossen eines sich rasant entwickelnden modernen Frankreichs - verband das gleiche Ideal: Natur mit Licht und Farbe sinnlich erfahrbar zu machen.","en":"Claude Monet's views of Venice are the only works that are reminiscent of the Grand Tours on which artists of previous centuries embarked. The city had already inspired Romantic painters to create atmospheric depictions of light. In Monet's generation the model of antiquity and classic landscape painting that was schooled on the Italian Campagna had been replaced by northern painting and the study of nature at home. When Eugène Boudin, Berthe Morisot, and later Paul Signac traveled to Italy, they did not take the traditional approach. Instead they traveled with the railroad along the coasts like other tourists. The coasts of northern and southern Europe were marketed as tourist destinations in the late nineteenth century by means of postcards. The painters reacted to this competition by adapting the cut-out techniques of photography. The impasto of their paintings was quite the opposite of the slick surfaces of the new medium. The Côte d'Azur was being discovered by tourism at the same time as Cross and Signac settled there in the 1890s. The sunlight that attracted the painters to the south was a sort of energy that fed artistic innovations and social utopias. Three generations of Impressionists, Pointillists, and Fauves, contemporaries of a rapidly developing modern France, were linked by the same ideal: making nature experienceable with the senses by means of light and paint."},"coverImage":"67b6fcd25c358fca3f060648","3dModel":"67caeceb0aa4f91dd2e19937","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"69cea58f70c4a99939b3a75a","exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","id":"69cea578a9f9cb7f5e8a3dd7"},{"glbFile":"6aca6743af3802bc375cb4e4","id":"6aca6748af3802bc375cb4ee"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"05ca5ce08937493fa2104ef327693644","rotation":{"x":-4.971020773654717,"y":-89.34168595089287}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.76,"y":1.73,"z":0.05},"position":{"x":8.108896970210926,"y":1.833057579473252,"z":-6.74813349435814,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","position":{"x":8.17,"y":9.06,"z":-6.71},"id":"6890d2be2cd0e82723613b85"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"03ea023d3f944e0fb40d135aaef659f9","rotation":{"x":3.1911727434578516,"y":-0.21119619092232722}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[{"exhibition":"68f753818c90c86166dd78af","x":4.45,"y":-7.63,"z":-2.28,"id":"6929680936d45c4158d58e28"},{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","x":4.3685,"y":-7.5228,"z":-2.28,"id":"69a9d2b9b366e7001bdbe957"}],"id":"67b6fc373f862b6f010e2394"},{"activeTemporaryExhibitions":["67b343f28635bba96e329739","6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","68f753818c90c86166dd78af","699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","6a4a542818d42df607da7bf3","6acc4503051e2c1b61349898"],"hall":"2A7","title":{"de":"Monets Serien","en":"Monet’s Series"},"subtitle":{"de":"","en":""},"description":{"de":"Nachdem Monet Ende der 1870er Jahre Paris den Rücken gekehrt hatte, widmete er sich zunächst in Vétheuil und später in Giverny der Natur im Wechsel von Tages- und Jahres-zeiten. Hier verfolgte er die Idee, durch Wiederholungen des Motivs der Erfassung des Augenblicks näher-zukommen. Von 1891 an nutzte Monet Einzelausstellungen in seiner Pariser Galerie Durand-Ruel zur Präsentation groß angelegter Werkreihen, bei denen er ein einziges Motiv in zahlreichen Variationen durchspielte: Auf seine Getreideschober folgten die Kathedralen von Rouen, später die Serie des britischen Parlaments in London und schließlich die des Seerosenteichs in seinem Wasser-garten in Giverny. Drei dieser Werkgruppen sind in der Sammlung Hasso Plattner beispielhaft vertreten. Mit den Getreideschobern stellte Monet sein Konzept des enveloppe vor - jener das Motiv umgebenden Hülle aus Licht und Luft, die er zum eigentlichen Gegenstand seiner Malerei erhob. Die im Smog gegen den Sonnenuntergang aufscheinende Silhouette von Westminster Palace beschäftigte ihn bei drei London-Aufenthalten zwischen 1899 und 1901. Der Seerosenteich in Giverny gab Monet über zwei Jahrzehnte lang Stoff zu sehen und zu malen: Spiegelnde Wasserflächen hatten sein Werk von Anfang an geprägt. Das neben seinem Seerosenteich gelegene Atelier erlaubte es ihm, nun auf bisher ungeahnt großen Leinwänden zu arbeiten. Indem sie auf den Horizont verzichten und den Himmel spiegeln, entgrenzen die Bilder den Landschaftsraum und bieten den Betrachtern ein immersives Erlebnis.","en":"After Monet turned his back on Paris at the end of the 1870s, he devoted himself first in Vétheuil and later in Giverny to depictions of nature showing the changing days and seasons. There he pursued the idea of coming closer to capturing the fleeting moment through repetitions of one given motif. From 1891 on Monet used solo exhibitions at the Paris gallery of Durand-Ruel to present large-scale series of works in which he showed one single motif in numerous variations. His Grainstacks were followed by Rouen Cathedral, later by the series of the Houses of Parliament in London, and finally by that of the Water Lilies in his garden in Giverny. Three of these groups are represented in the Hasso Plattner Collection. With the Grainstacks, Monet introduced his concept of the enveloppe - the \"envelope\" of light and air surrounding the motif, which he elevated to the actual subject of his painting. The silhouette of Westminster Palace appearing in the smog against the sunset occupied him during three stays in London between 1899 and 1901. The water-lily pond in Giverny gave Monet material to see and paint for over two decades: reflecting water surfaces had influenced his work from the beginning. The studio located next to his water-lily pond allowed him to work on canvases of an unprecedented size. By doing away with the horizon and mirroring the sky, these landscapes seem to expand beyond the frame of the canvas, offering viewers an immersive experience."},"coverImage":"67b6fc915c358fca3f0605dc","3dModel":"67caed120aa4f91dd2e19998","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"69cea54570c4a99939b3a706","exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","id":"69cea528a9f9cb7f5e8a3dd5"},{"glbFile":"6aca6749af3802bc375cb4f2","id":"6aca674caf3802bc375cb4fc"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"9b027162b9954d00afae2fd8106e13e9","rotation":{"x":-1.08,"y":-90.89}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.05,"y":1.89,"z":1.76},"position":{"x":28.89,"y":1.75,"z":0.44,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","position":{"x":28.92,"y":9.13,"z":0.48},"id":"6890da7c2cd0e82723613b86"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"ef91446568d943a689d8b10bad8363cd","rotation":{"x":7.85,"y":88.76}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[{"exhibition":"68f753818c90c86166dd78af","x":4.45,"y":-7.63,"z":-2.28,"id":"6929685236d45c4158d58e2a"},{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","x":4.3114,"y":-7.5262,"z":-2.28,"id":"69a9d2b9b366e7001bdbe958"}],"id":"67b6fc513f862b6f010e2396"},{"activeTemporaryExhibitions":["6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","6a4a542818d42df607da7bf3","6acc4503051e2c1b61349898"],"hall":"0B1","title":{"de":"Landschaften der Fauvisten","en":"Landscapes of the Fauves"},"description":{"de":"1905 kam eine radikal neue Kunstrichtung auf, die die Konturen betonte und die Farbe expressiv einsetzte. Als „Les Fauves\" (die Wilden) bezeichnete ein Kunstkritiker diese Maler anlässlich ihrer ersten Ausstellung im Pariser Herbstsalon. Während André Derain mit seinem Freund Henri Matisse auf den Spuren von Cross und Signac in Südfrankreich gemalt hatte, war Maurice de Vlaminck in Nordfrankreich an den Ufern der Seine geblieben. Die Fauvisten lösten sich vom impressionistischen und pointillistischen Stil und entwickelten eine flächige, farbstarke Malerei. Anders als die Impressionisten ging es ihnen nicht um die Darstellung von Naturphänomenen, sondern - darin den Malern der „Brücke\" verwandt - um den Ausdruckswert der Farbe. Auch begannen sie in der Nachfolge Cézannes mit einer Zergliederung der Form zu experimentieren, wie sie der Kubismus später weiterführte. Ihr expressiver Malstil hielt sie jedoch nicht davon ab, Impressionismus und Pointillismus in der Wahl der Orte und Motive zu folgen. So reiste Derain 1907 nach Cassis, wo bereits Signac gemalt hatte. Vlaminck malte mit dem Bootshaus von Rueil ein Motiv Pierre-Auguste Renoirs. Obwohl ihre Landschaften aufgewühlt, oft düster sind, bezogen sich die Fauvisten auf die Ikonographie des Impressionismus.","en":"In 1905 a radically new art movement emerged that emphasized contours and used paint to expressive ends. On the occasion of their first exhibition in the Paris Salon d'Autumne, an art critic called these painters \"Les Fauves\" (the Wild Beasts). While André Derain had worked alongside his friend Henri Matisse in the South of France on the trail of Cross and Signac, Maurice de Vlaminck remained in northern France near the Seine. The Fauves distanced themselves from the Impressionist and Pointillist styles and developed a technique characterized by flatness and bright colors. Unlike the Impressionists they were not interested in the depiction of natural phenomena but in the expressive value of color. In this respect, they were related to the painters of the German movement Die Brücke. They also began, in emulation of Cézanne, to experiment with the dissection of form, which was later continued by the Cubists. Their expressive painting style did not prevent them from following Impressionism and Pointillism in their choice of locations and motifs. In 1907, for example, Derain traveled to Cassis, where Signac had worked previously. Vlaminck used one of Renoir's motifs when he painted the boatyard of Rueil. 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Prof. Dr. h. c. mult. Hasso Plattner ist einer der profiliertesten deutschen Unternehmer und Entrepreneur von Weltrang. Seit vielen Jahren fördert er die deutsche und internationale Wissenschaft. Als Sammler fokussiert er sich auf Gemälde mit einer offenen Bildsprache, die die Betrachter einbeziehen.","en":"In the 1860s Claude Monet, Camille Pissarro, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, and Alfred Sisley joined forces in Paris. These young painters liberated themselves from the traditional subject matter of their era and revolutionized art with landscapes that were suffused with light. In 1874 they became known as the \"Impressionists\" - artists who preferred to paint outdoors and to capture fleeting sensual impressions directly on the canvas. Berthe Morisot, Paul Cézanne, and Gustave Caillebotte later joined this new art movement, and in the 1890s Paul Signac and Henri-Edmond Cross further developed the style into Pointillism. 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Dabei lagen seine künstlerischen Anfänge in der Karibik und in Südamerika. Diese Wurzeln und seine jüdische Herkunft verbanden sich mit einem malerischen Interesse an ländlichen Alltagsszenen und mit Sympathien für den Anarchismus.","en":"Pissarro is considered the founding figure of the Impressionist movement in France and is the only artist to have participated in all eight Impressionist exhibitions in Paris. His artistic beginnings lay in the Caribbean and South America. These roots and his Jewish origins were combined with a painterly interest in everyday rural scenes and a sympathy for anarchism."},"subtitle":{"de":"Der Impressionist Pissarro","en":"Camille Pissarro's Impressionism"},"title":{"de":"Mit offenem Blick.","en":"The Honest Eye."},"id":"685d564171f13d6f5913d07f"},"id":"685f90ad385bd807f6560824"}],"galleries":[{"hall":"0A1_1","description":{"de":"Lichtdurchflutete Uferlandschaften mit Palmen, einfache Hütten in tropischer Natur, einheimische Frauen im Gespräch – solche Motive prägen die frühesten Werke Camille Pissarros. Die künstlerischen Ursprünge des Malers liegen nicht in Frankreich, sondern auf der Karibikinsel Saint Thomas, seinem Geburtsort, und in Venezuela, wo er von 1852 bis 1854 lebte. Bereits in seinen ersten Gemälden und Zeichnungen zeigt sich Pissarros Interesse an der Freilichtmalerei und atmosphärischen Landschaften sowie dem Leben der einfachen Bevölkerung. Der Sohn einer jüdischen Kaufmannsfamilie wuchs in einer Umgebung kultureller Vielfalt auf und erlebte als junger Mann die Abschaffung der Sklaverei mit. In die Gruppe der Impressionisten in Frankreich brachte er eine internationale Perspektive ein.","en":"Sun-drenched shore landscapes with palms, simple huts in a tropical setting and local women engaged in conversation—such motifs shape the earliest works of Camille Pissarro. His artistic origins were not in France but on the island of Saint Thomas in the Caribbean, where he was born, and in Venezuela, where he lived from 1852 to 1854. Pissarro’s interest in plein-air painting and atmospheric landscapes as well as the life of ordinary people is already evident in his first paintings and drawings. The son of a Jewish merchant family, he grew up in a culturally diverse environment and experienced the abolition of slavery as a young man. In France, Pissarro introduced an international perspective to the Impressionist group."},"coverImage":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"gallery-cover-image","filename":"0A1_1-min.jpeg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":72279,"width":1400,"height":933,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T16:24:53.288Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-24T16:24:53.288Z","id":"685ad1559dc10a47245076db","url":"/cms/api/media/file/0A1_1-min.jpeg","thumbnailURL":null},"3dModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"0a1_1-opt.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":215372,"createdAt":"2025-06-28T07:53:54.536Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T07:53:54.536Z","id":"685f9f92f5c4cef12a03a8a9","url":"/cms/api/media/file/0a1_1-opt.glb","thumbnailURL":null},"startPoint":{"sweepId":"2939ee276db748de8462a7207069d99a","rotation":{"x":-5.09,"y":-89.95}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"9f3fbfc64fe84bfabe352cfdb9268c6d","rotation":{"x":4.32,"y":90.95}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.05,"y":1.71,"z":1.38},"position":{"x":6.36,"y":-5.52,"z":0.5,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68592873ef4a7e11c6cf2959","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685f9f92f5c4cef12a03a8a9","id":"6af57d8780946500013209a3"}],"title":{"de":"Unter Palmen und am Hafen","en":"Under Palm Trees and at the Port"},"subtitle":{"de":"Künstlerische Anfänge in der Karibik","en":"Artistic Beginnings in the Caribbean"},"ownModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"0a1_1-opt.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":215372,"createdAt":"2025-06-28T07:53:54.536Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T07:53:54.536Z","id":"685f9f92f5c4cef12a03a8a9","url":"/cms/api/media/file/0a1_1-opt.glb","thumbnailURL":null},"furtherReading":{"label":{"de":"","en":""},"blocks":{"de":[{"blockType":"heading","text":"Aufbruch. Aus der Karibik nach Paris","id":"6acdc5ab6d94764c1ea797c7","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Anfänge unter Palmen: Camille Pissarros Lebensgeschichte beginnt auf den Antillen. Er wächst in einem multikulturellen Umfeld auf. 1830 kommt er als dänischer Staatsbürger auf der Karibikinsel Saint Thomas zur Welt, damals eine Kolonie des Königreichs Dänemark. Eigentlich soll der Sohn aus wohlhabender, jüdischer Kaufmannsfamilie das dortige Handelshaus seiner Eltern übernehmen. Aber Pissarro schert aus.","id":"6acdc5ab6d94764c1ea797c8","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Ich ließ, ohne weiter darüber nachzudenken, alles zurück und machte mich nach Caracas davon, um die Bande zwischen mir und dem bürgerlichen Leben zu durchtrennen.","by":"Pissarro an Eugène Murer, Surrey, 5. Juni 1871","id":"6acdc5ab6d94764c1ea797c9","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Zwei Jahre lang bereist Pissarro mit einem befreundeten jungen Maler das Land Venezuela. Er sammelt auf dem abenteuerlichen Trip Erfahrungen mit der Freilichtmalerei und erlebt die Abschaffung der Sklaverei. Dann schifft er sich endgültig nach Frankreich ein. Sein Ziel steht fest: Künstler werden.","id":"6acdc5ab6d94764c1ea797ca","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Es ist nahezu unmöglich, einen jungen Mann davon abzuhalten, dorthin zu gehen, wohin ihn seine Leidenschaft ruft.","by":"Pissarro an seinen Sohn Lucien, Rouen, 12. August 1898","id":"6acdc5ab6d94764c1ea797cb","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/008_Camille_Pissarro_Two_Women_Chatting_by_the_Sea_Saint_Thomas.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Frauen an der karibischen Küste. Zwei Frauen am Meer in ein Gespräch vertieft, Saint Thomas, 1856, National Gallery of Art, Washington, Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon","id":"6acdc5ab6d94764c1ea797cc","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"In Paris angekommen, malt der junge Pissarro weiterhin Landschaften aus seiner karibischen Heimat. Er arbeitet anhand von Erinnerungen und Skizzen. Diese idyllischen Motive aus fernen Ländern zielen auf ein europäisches Publikum. Schon in diesen frühesten Gemälden lässt Pissarro ein Interesse für die einfache Bevölkerung und ein besonderes Gespür für atmosphärische Landschaften erkennen.","id":"6acdc5ab6d94764c1ea797cd","image":null}],"en":[{"blockType":"heading","text":"A New Life. From the Caribbean to Paris","id":"6acdc5ae6d94764c1ea797d7","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Camille Pissarro’s life began under the palm trees of the Antilles islands. Born in 1830 as a Danish citizen on the Caribbean island of Saint Thomas, then a colony of Denmark, he grew up in a multicultural environment. His parents, prosperous Jewish merchants, wanted him to take over their business—but Pissarro had other plans.","id":"6acdc5ae6d94764c1ea797d8","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Without further reflection, I left everything behind and fled to Caracas to break the tie that bound me to bourgeois life.","by":"Pissarro to Eugène Murer, Surrey, June 5, 1871","id":"6acdc5ae6d94764c1ea797d9","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Pissarro spent two years traveling in Venezuela in the company of a young painter friend. During this adventurous trip, he honed his skills in plein air painting and experienced the abolition of slavery. Then he embarked permanently for France, with a firm goal in mind: to become an artist.","id":"6acdc5ae6d94764c1ea797da","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"It’s almost impossible to keep a young man from going where his passions lead him.","by":"Pissarro to his son Lucien, Rouen, August 12, 1898","id":"6acdc5ae6d94764c1ea797db","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/008_Camille_Pissarro_Two_Women_Chatting_by_the_Sea_Saint_Thomas.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Women on the Caribbean coast. Two Women Chatting by the Sea, Saint Thomas, 1856, National Gallery of Art, Washington, Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon","id":"6acdc5ae6d94764c1ea797dc","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"After arriving in Paris, the young Pissarro continued to paint landscape images of his Caribbean homeland, working from memory or from sketches. The idyllic motifs from distant lands were intended for a European audience. These earliest paintings by Pissarro already bear witness to an interest in simple people and a special sensitivity to atmospheric landscapes.","id":"6acdc5ae6d94764c1ea797dd","image":null}]}}},{"hall":"0A1_2","description":{"de":"Camille Pissarro ließ sich 1855 in Frankreich nieder, wo er bereits einen Teil seiner Schulzeit verbracht hatte. Der Realismus seiner frühen Landschaftsbilder ist von Künstlern der Schule von Barbizon wie Camille Corot und Gustave Courbet beeinflusst. Oft malte er die Nutzgärten, Felder und Straßen in seinen Wohnorten Pontoise und Louveciennes. Manche kritisierten diese Motive als banal, andere feierten sie als echt und ehrlich. Neben seinem Interesse für das bäuerliche Leben gehörte Pissarro zu den ersten Impressionisten, die die industrialisierten Pariser Vororte als moderne Landschaft bildwürdig machten. Er begann den Wandel eines Motivs zu unterschiedlichen Jahres- und Tageszeiten zu erkunden. Während des Deutsch-Französischen Krieges 1870/71 floh er nach London, wo er seinen Galeristen Paul Durand-Ruel kennenlernte.","en":"Camille Pissarro moved to France in 1855, having already spent part of his school years there. The realistic style of his early landscape paintings was influenced by artists of the Barbizon School such as Camille Corot and Gustave Courbet. Pissarro often painted the vegetable gardens, fields, and roads in the towns of Pontoise and Louveciennes, where he lived. Many viewers criticized these motifs as banal, while others celebrated them as genuine and honest. In addition to his interest in rural life, Pissarro was one of the first Impressionists to embrace the industrialized suburbs of Paris as a worthy subject for modern landscape painting. He began to explore the transformation of motifs at different times of day and year. During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, he fled to London, where he met art dealer Paul Durand-Ruel."},"coverImage":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"gallery-cover-image","filename":"0A1_2-min.jpeg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":128532,"width":1920,"height":1163,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T16:25:09.356Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-24T16:25:09.356Z","id":"685ad1659dc10a472450770e","url":"/cms/api/media/file/0A1_2-min.jpeg","thumbnailURL":null},"3dModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"0a1_2-opt.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":322236,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T15:45:21.244Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T07:59:04.405Z","thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/0a1_2-opt.glb","id":"685ac8119dc10a4724507240"},"startPoint":{"sweepId":"8c76a75a1b894461b55b5ebff1e214c0","rotation":{"x":-1.34,"y":-89.45}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"dec7639f5b86430c8fb3499c1ca6288b","rotation":{"x":11.38,"y":0.74}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.36,"y":1.79,"z":0.05},"position":{"x":15.24,"y":-5.53,"z":-6.74,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"685928ceef4a7e11c6cf295a","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685ac8119dc10a4724507240","id":"6af57d8780946500013209a4"}],"title":{"de":"Der Weg zum Impressionismus","en":"The Path to Impressionism"},"subtitle":{"de":"Moderne Landschaften","en":"Modern Landscapes"},"ownModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"0a1_2-opt.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":322236,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T15:45:21.244Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T07:59:04.405Z","thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/0a1_2-opt.glb","id":"685ac8119dc10a4724507240"},"furtherReading":{"label":{"de":"","en":""},"blocks":{"de":[{"blockType":"heading","text":"Moderne Landschaften. Pissarros Weg zum Impressionismus","id":"6acdc5b16d94764c1ea797e7","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Kohlfelder und Ackerland, blitzblaue oder wolkenverhangene Himmel – und vor allem ganz viel frische Luft: In Pissarros frühen Gemälden aus seinen Pariser Jahren macht sich ein neuartiges Interesse am unmittelbaren Erleben alltäglicher Umwelt bemerkbar. Kritiker sind irritiert, empfinden solche Motive als hässlich. In der privaten Académie Suisse, wo es ein offenes Zeichenatelier gibt, lernt Pissarro neue Freunde und Gleichgesinnte kennen. Einer davon heißt Claude Monet. Zusammen malen sie am liebsten draußen, so wie schon die Maler der Schule von Barbizon.","id":"6acdc5b16d94764c1ea797e8","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/USA_Art_Institute_of_Chicago_The_Banks_of_the_Marne_in_Winter_Kopie.png?w=1200","caption":"Das karge und melancholische Gemälde begründet Pissarros Ruf als moderner Landschaftsmaler. Die Ufer der Marne im Winter, 1866, The Art Institute of Chicago, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Collection, 1957.306, bpk / The Art Institute of Chicago / Art Resource, NY","id":"6acdc5b16d94764c1ea797e9","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Die wichtigste öffentliche Plattform für Künstler ist der jährlich stattfindende Salon de Paris. Tausende Gemälde konkurrieren um die Aufnahme in die Großausstellung. Die Jury der Akademie gilt als konservativ. Aber Pissarro schafft es. Rasch erwirbt er einen Ruf als Vertreter einer modernen Art von Landschaftsmalerei.","id":"6acdc5b16d94764c1ea797ea","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Herr Pissarro ist ein Unbekannter, von dem wahrscheinlich niemand sprechen wird. (…) Vielen Dank, Monsieur, Ihre Landschaft hat mir bei meiner Reise durch die große Salon-Wüste eine gute halbe Stunde Erholung geschenkt. (…) Im Übrigen müssen Sie wissen, dass Sie niemandem gefallen und dass man Ihr Bild zu nackt, zu dunkel findet. Warum, zum Teufel, sind Sie aber auch so bemerkenswert ungeschickt, solide zu malen und die Natur unbefangen zu studieren?","by":"Der Schriftsteller Émile Zola in seiner Salonkritik, 1866","id":"6acdc5b16d94764c1ea797eb","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Rund um seine Wohnorte Pontoise oder Louveciennes bei Paris erkundet Pissarro die Gegenden entlang der Seine. Oft sieht man im Hintergrund Fabrikschlote rauchen. Pissarro blendet die Industrialisierung nicht aus. Er zeigt sie als Phänomen der Gegenwart.","id":"6acdc5b16d94764c1ea797ec","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/023_Camille_Pissarro_Lordship_Lane_Station_Dulwich.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Im Vorortbahnhof Dulwich bei London nimmt ein Zug Fahrt auf: das erste Eisenbahnbild des Impressionismus. Lordship Lane Station, Dulwich, 1871, The Courtauld, London (Samuel Courtauld Trust)","id":"6acdc5b16d94764c1ea797ed","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Als 1870 der Deutsch-Französische Krieg ausbricht, flieht Pissarro mit seiner Familie nach London. Dort lernt er seinen späteren Pariser Kunsthändler Paul Durand-Ruel kennen, trifft Claude Monet wieder. In der Nationalgalerie studiert er Gemälde von John Constable und William Turner. Sie bestärken ihn in seiner Suche nach einer wirklichkeitsnahen, atmosphärischen Landschaftsmalerei mit aufgehellten Farben und lockerer Pinselführung.","id":"6acdc5b16d94764c1ea797ee","image":null}],"en":[{"blockType":"heading","text":"Modern Landscapes. Pissarro’s Path to Impressionism","id":"6acdc5b46d94764c1ea797f8","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Cabbage fields and farmland under brilliant blue or overcast skies—and everywhere fresh, open air: Pissarro’s early paintings from his Paris years show a new interest in the direct experience of the everyday environment. Critics were disconcerted and found the motifs ugly. In the open drawing studio of the private Académie Suisse, Pissarro made new friends and met like-minded artists. One of them was Claude Monet. They painted together, preferably outdoors like the artists of the Barbizon School before them.","id":"6acdc5b46d94764c1ea797f9","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/USA_Art_Institute_of_Chicago_The_Banks_of_the_Marne_in_Winter_Kopie.png?w=1200","caption":"This bleak and melancholic painting established Pissarro’s reputation as a modern landscape painter. The Banks of the Marne in Winter, 1866, Mr. and Mrs. Lewis Larned Coburn Memorial Collection, 1957.306, bpk / The Art Institute of Chicago / Art Resource, NY","id":"6acdc5b46d94764c1ea797fa","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"In that day, the most important public platform for artists was the annual Salon de Paris, a major exhibition where thousands of paintings competed for acceptance and prizes. The academy’s jury is considered conservative—but Pissarro was admitted to the show and quickly gained a reputation as a proponent of modern landscape painting.","id":"6acdc5b46d94764c1ea797fb","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"M. Pissarro is an unknown and probably no one will talk about him. . . . Thank you, Monsieur, your winter landscape refreshed me for a good half hour, during my trip through the great desert of the Salon. . . . Besides which, you ought to know that you please nobody and that your painting is thought to be too bare, too black. So why the devil do you have the arrant awkwardness to paint solidly and study nature so honestly!","by":"The writer Émile Zola in his review of the Salon, 1866","id":"6acdc5b46d94764c1ea797fc","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"While living in the towns of Pontoise, and Louveciennes near Paris, Pissarro explored the region along the Seine. Factory smokestacks often appear in the background of his images. The artist did not shy away from industrialization, but showed it as a contemporary phenomenon.","id":"6acdc5b46d94764c1ea797fd","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/023_Camille_Pissarro_Lordship_Lane_Station_Dulwich.jpg?w=1200","caption":"In this first Impressionist painting of a railroad, Pissarro shows a train leaving the suburban station of Dulwich near London. Lordship Lane Station, Dulwich, 1871, The Courtauld, London (Samuel Courtauld Trust)","id":"6acdc5b46d94764c1ea797fe","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"With the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War in 1870, Pissarro and his family fled to London. There he met his later Paris art dealer Paul Durand-Ruel and once again encountered his friend Claude Monet. In the National Gallery, he studied the paintings of John Constable and William Turner, works that encouraged him to pursue a realistic, atmospheric approach to the landscape using brilliant hues and loose brushwork.","id":"6acdc5b46d94764c1ea797ff","image":null}]}}},{"hall":"0A2","description":{"de":"Camille Pissarros große Familie spielte in seinem Leben eine wichtige Rolle. Gegen den elterlichen Willen heiratete er eine katholische französische Winzertocher, Julie Vellay, die er als Bedienstete in seinem Elternhaus kennengelernt hatte. Das Paar hatte acht Kinder, von denen ein Sohn als junger Erwachsener und zwei Mädchen als Kinder starben. Verglichen mit seinen zahlreichen Landschaften malte Pissarro nur wenige Portraits seiner Familienmitglieder. Sie haben eher privaten Charakter. Die Stärke und Lebenserfahrung seiner Frau brachte er mit pastosen, kräftigen Pinselstrichen zum Ausdruck, die Zartheit seiner jungen Tochter Jeanne-Rachel mit gedeckten Tönen und transparenterem Farbauftrag. Pissarro regte auch seine Kinder an, sich künstlerisch zu schulen – fünf von ihnen ergriffen den Beruf des Vaters.","en":"Camille Pissarro’s large family played an important role in his life. Against his parents’ will, he married Julie Vellay, a French Catholic winegrower’s daughter who had been employed as a maid in his family home. The couple had eight children, three of whom died: one son as a young adult and two daughters during childhood. Compared to the many landscapes he painted, Pissarro created only a few portraits of his family members. These works tend to be private in character. He used powerful, impasto brushstrokes to express his wife’s strength and life experience and evoked the frail constitution of his young daughter Jeanne-Rachel with muted tones and a more transparent application of paint. Pissarro also encouraged his children to acquire artistic training, and five of them followed in his professional footsteps."},"coverImage":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"gallery-cover-image","filename":"0A2-min.jpeg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":0,"width":1920,"height":1275,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T16:27:56.228Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-24T16:28:31.873Z","thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/0A2-min.jpeg","id":"685ad20c9dc10a4724507a3f"},"3dModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"0a2-opt.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":364460,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T15:46:31.964Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T07:59:22.837Z","thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/0a2-opt.glb","id":"685ac8579dc10a472450729b"},"startPoint":{"sweepId":"892b273ec94b43c19de80862f2024c63","rotation":{"x":0.65,"y":-89.7}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"f2a4ab29480d4b3ab3948b76fa406feb","rotation":{"x":5.37,"y":-0.58}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.42,"y":1.76,"z":0.15},"position":{"x":30.48,"y":-5.63,"z":-6.94,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68592905ef4a7e11c6cf295b","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685ac8579dc10a472450729b","id":"6af57d8780946500013209a5"}],"title":{"de":"Familienbilder","en":"Family Pictures"},"subtitle":{"de":"Portraits und Stillleben","en":"Portraits and Still Lifes"},"ownModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"0a2-opt.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":364460,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T15:46:31.964Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T07:59:22.837Z","thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/0a2-opt.glb","id":"685ac8579dc10a472450729b"}},{"hall":"1A3_1","description":{"de":"Seit den frühen 1870er Jahren verwendete Camille Pissarro zunehmend eine hellere Farbpalette und einen gebrochenen Pinselstrich – beides sind zentrale Merkmale des Impressionismus. Die Jury des Pariser Salons lehnte seine unkonventionelle, skizzenhafte Freilichtmalerei mehrfach ab. Um sich von den staatlichen Ausstellungen unabhängig zu machen, gründete Pissarro 1873 mit Kollegen wie Claude Monet und Edgar Degas die Société anonyme des artistes peintres, sculpteurs, graveurs, etc. Als Einziger nahm er an allen acht Ausstellungen teil, die die Gruppe zwischen 1874 und 1886 veranstaltete. In den ersten Jahren befasste er sich mit der Darstellung von Landschaften zu verschiedenen Jahres- und Tageszeiten, die häufig von Staffagefiguren bevölkert sind. So betont Pissarro das Wechselverhältnis von Mensch und Natur.","en":"From the early 1870s on, Camille Pissarro increasingly adopted a lighter color palette and a broken brushstroke—both central characteristics of Impressionism. His unconventional, sketch-like plein-air painting was repeatedly rejected by the jury of the Paris Salon. To gain independence from these state-sponsored exhibitions, he helped found the Société Anonyme des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs, etc. in 1873 with fellow painters, including Claude Monet and Edgar Degas. Pissarro was the only artist to participate in all eight of the exhibitions organized by the group between 1874 and 1886. In the early years, he concentrated on landscapes painted at different times of day and year, often populated with small figures. In doing so, Pissarro emphasized the reciprocal relationship between humans and nature."},"coverImage":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"gallery-cover-image","filename":"1A3_1-min.jpeg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":150430,"width":1920,"height":1269,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T16:28:16.465Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-24T16:28:16.465Z","id":"685ad2209dc10a4724507a76","url":"/cms/api/media/file/1A3_1-min.jpeg","thumbnailURL":null},"3dModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"1a3_1-opt.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":246344,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T15:46:57.543Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T07:59:39.127Z","thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/1a3_1-opt.glb","id":"685ac8719dc10a47245072db"},"startPoint":{"sweepId":"c798c75b48bc4fa5b9d46cfdaf0113ca","rotation":{"x":-3.38,"y":-90.66}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"3de947fcb31d4912a6282d580757a015","rotation":{"x":10.78,"y":-0.14}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.4,"y":1.83,"z":0.05},"position":{"x":11.62,"y":1.91,"z":-6.74,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"685929aeef4a7e11c6cf295c","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685ac8719dc10a47245072db","id":"6af57d8780946500013209a6"}],"title":{"de":"Malerei unter freiem Himmel","en":"Painting Outdoors"},"subtitle":{"de":"Pissarros Impressionismus","en":"Pissarro’s Impressionism"},"ownModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"1a3_1-opt.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":246344,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T15:46:57.543Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T07:59:39.127Z","thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/1a3_1-opt.glb","id":"685ac8719dc10a47245072db"},"furtherReading":{"label":{"de":"","en":""},"blocks":{"de":[{"blockType":"heading","text":"Im Kreis der Impressionisten. Gemeinsam für das Neue","id":"6acdc5b76d94764c1ea79809","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Am 15. April 1874 ist es soweit. Im Atelier des Photographen Nadar in Paris eröffnet die erste Ausstellung der „Societé anonyme coopérative des artistes, peintres etc.“. So nennt sich eine Gruppe junger Künstler, die man bald nur noch als „Impressionisten“ kennen wird. Ein Kritiker hat die Bezeichnung eigentlich als Spott gemeint. Doch das unmittelbare Einfangen des Momentanen, Flüchtigen und Atmosphärischen wird zum Markenzeichen der neuen Bewegung. Bis 1884 folgen sieben weitere Ausstellungen, in Eigenregie und mit wechselnder Besetzung. Pissarro bleibt eine treibende Kraft. Als einziger reicht er konsequent nie wieder ein Werk zum offiziellen Salon ein. Das starre und akademische System des Salons lief Pissarros Überzeugungen von Unabhängigkeit und Freiheit zuwider.","id":"6acdc5b76d94764c1ea7980a","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/FR_Paris_Musee_d_Orsay_Gelee_blanche.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Auf der 1. Impressionisten-Ausstellung zeigt Pissarro diese Darstellung eines klirrend kalten Wintertags auf dem Land. Raureif, 1873, Musée d’Orsay, Paris, Vermächtnis Enriqueta Alsop im Namen von Dr. Eduardo Mollard, 1972, Photo: akg-images / De Agostini Picture Lib. / G. Dagli Orti","id":"6acdc5b76d94764c1ea7980b","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Sollen das Furchen sein? Soll das Frost sein? Da wurde doch mit dem Palettenmesser gleichförmig über die schmutzige Leinwand gekratzt. (…) – Kann sein ... aber Impression ist da bestimmt drin. – Na ja, eine komische Impression!","by":"Der Kritiker Louis Leroy über Pissarros Gemälde „Raureif“, 1874","id":"6acdc5b76d94764c1ea7980c","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Die Impressionisten stoßen auf heftige Reaktionen, zumeist ablehnende. Vielen Kritikern erscheinen ihre Werke unfertig, zu skizzenhaft und flüchtig. Nach der vorherrschenden akademischen Kunstauffassung muss ein Gemälde fein und glatt ausgeführt sein. Höchstes Ansehen genießen biblische oder mythologische Szenen. Die Impressionisten aber wollen die Gegenwart malen, der eigenen Wahrnehmung vertrauen. Sie studieren wechselnde Wetterphänomene und Lichtwirkungen mit höchster Konzentration und scharfer Beobachtungsgabe.","id":"6acdc5b76d94764c1ea7980d","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Unsere Ausstellung läuft gut, sie ist ein Erfolg. Die Kritik vernichtet uns (…), doch ich gehe wieder an meine Studien, das ist besser, als Kritiken zu lesen, aus ihnen kann man nichts lernen.","by":"Pissarro an seinen Freund Théodore Duret, Pontoise, 5. Mai 1874","id":"6acdc5b76d94764c1ea7980e","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/039_Camille_Pissarro_The_Garden_of_Les_Mathurins_at_Pontoise.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Dieses Anwesen bewohnt die bekannte Frauenrechtlerin Maria Deraismes. Pissarro teilt ihre fortschrittlichen Ansichten. Der Garten von Les Mathurins in Pontoise, 1876, The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri, Ankauf: William Rockhill Nelson Trust. 60–38, Image courtesy of Nelson-Atkins Digital Production & Preservation, Joshua Ferdinand","id":"6acdc5b76d94764c1ea7980f","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Pissarro ist auf allen acht Impressionisten-Ausstellungen mit zahlreichen Werken vertreten. In seinen Werken zeigt er, anders als seine Freunde Claude Monet oder Pierre-Auguste Renoir fast nie die Lebenssphäre und Freizeitvergnügen der kaufkräftigen Oberschicht. Sein Interesse gilt den einfachen Leuten, der arbeitenden Bevölkerung auf dem Land. Für solche Motive Käufer zu begeistern, ist nicht leicht. Pissarros Geschäfte laufen schlecht.","id":"6acdc5b76d94764c1ea79810","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Dekorative Avantgarde: Mehrfach präsentiert Pissarro bemalte Fächer auf den Impressionisten-Ausstellungen. Fächer sind in Paris gerade groß in Mode. Von japanischem Kunsthandwerk inspiriert überschwemmen sie den Markt: nicht nur elegantes Damen-Accessoire, sondern auch Wanddekor. Den experimentierfreudigen Pissarro reizt das ungewöhnliche Format. Er hofft zudem auf eine neue Einnahmequelle und breitere Käuferschichten, um seiner ständigen Geldnot abzuhelfen.","id":"6acdc5b76d94764c1ea79811","image":null},{"blockType":"heading","text":"Pissarro privat","id":"6acdc5b76d94764c1ea79812","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Ich glaube nicht, dass er zuhause viel zu sagen hat, da hat seine Frau die Hosen an.","by":"Theo van Gogh über Pissarro an seinen Bruder Vincent van Gogh, 1889","id":"6acdc5b76d94764c1ea79813","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/026_Camille_Pissarro_Portrait_of_the_Artist_2.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Sich selbst hat Pissarro selten gemalt. Portrait des Künstlers, 1873, Musée d’Orsay, Paris, Schenkung Paul-Émile Pissarro, 1930, © akg-images / Laurent Lecat","id":"6acdc5b76d94764c1ea79814","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/027_Camille_Pissarro_Julie_Pissarro_Sewing_Beside_a_Window.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Der Maler hält seine Frau Julie bei ihrer Näharbeit fest. Julie Pissarro näht am Fenster, 1877, The Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford, Geschenk von Esther Pissarro, 1951","id":"6acdc5b76d94764c1ea79815","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Dem Künstler Pissarro ist die Familie enorm wichtig. Als seine Frau Julie und er sich kennenlernen, ist sie als Küchenmädchen bei seinen Eltern angestellt. Julie Vellay stammt aus einer einfachen Weinbauernfamilie im Burgund. Aus der lebenslangen Ehe gehen acht Kinder hervor. Aber Pissarros unregelmäßige Einkünfte sorgen immer wieder für Konfliktstoff. Durch kluges Wirtschaften und eigenen Gemüseanbau trägt seine Ehefrau zum Lebensunterhalt der vielköpfigen Familie bei.","id":"6acdc5b76d94764c1ea79816","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/028_Camille_Pissarro_Portrait_of_Jeanne_Pissarro.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Feinfühlig erfasst der Maler seine kleine Tochter Jeanne, genannt Minette, im rosa Kleid . Portrait von Jeanne Pissarro, 1872, Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, John Hay Whitney, B.A. 1926, M.A. (Hon.) 1956, Sammlung","id":"6acdc5b76d94764c1ea79817","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/029_Camille_Pissarro_Jeanne_Pissarro_Minette_Holding_a_Fan_2.jpg?w=1200","caption":"... und vier Jahre später, bereits von Krankheit geschwächt. Sie stirbt mit neun Jahren. Jeanne Pissarro (Minette) mit Fächer, 1873, The Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford, Vermächtnis Esther Pissarro, 1952","id":"6acdc5b76d94764c1ea79818","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Liebevoll begleitet Pissarro das Heranwachsen seiner acht Kinder. Als engagierter Vater mit freiheitlichen Erziehungsidealen fördert er die Kreativität seiner Kinder nach Kräften. Alle fünf Söhne ergreifen künstlerische Berufe, sei es im druckgraphischen oder im kunstgewerblichen Bereich. Ehefrau Julie sieht das kritisch, wegen des unsicheren Broterwerbs.","id":"6acdc5b76d94764c1ea79819","image":null}],"en":[{"blockType":"heading","text":"Among the Impressionists. Together for the New","id":"6acdc5b96d94764c1ea79823","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"On April 15, 1874, the day had come: the first exhibition of the “Societé anonyme coopérative des artistes peintres etc.” opened at the studio of the photographer Nadar in Paris. The group of young artists would soon become known simply as the “Impressionists,” a term originally coined by a contemptuous critic. But the sense of immediacy, the capturing of the momentary, fleeting, and atmospheric became the trademark of the new movement. Seven more exhibitions would follow from then until 1884, independently organized and with a changing roster of artists. Pissarro remained a driving force and was the only member of the group who never again submitted work to the official Salon. The rigid, academic style of the Salon was too stark a contrast to the artist’s commitment to independence and freedom.","id":"6acdc5b96d94764c1ea79824","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/FR_Paris_Musee_d_Orsay_Gelee_blanche.jpg?w=1200","caption":"At the first Impressionist exhibition, Pissarro showed this painting of a frosty winter day in the country. Hoarfrost, 1873, Paris, musée d'Orsay ; Legs Enriqueta Alsop au nom du Dr Eduardo Mollard, 1972, Photo: akg-images / De Agostini Picture Lib. / G. Dagli Orti","id":"6acdc5b96d94764c1ea79825","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Those furrows? That frost? But they are palette-scrapings placed uniformly on a dirty canvas. . . .—Perhaps . . . but the impression is there.—Well, it’s a funny impression!","by":"The critic Louis Leroy on Pissarro’s painting Hoarfrost, 1874","id":"6acdc5b96d94764c1ea79826","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"The works of the Impressionists provoked vehement reactions, most of them negative. Many critics viewed the paintings as too unfinished, too sketch-like and ephemeral. Prevailing academic conceptions of art called for a high level of technical skill and refinement in painting, and biblical or mythological scenes enjoyed the most prestige. But the Impressionists wanted to depict contemporary life, trusting their own perception. They studied changing weather phenomena and the effects of light with keen observation and the highest concentration.","id":"6acdc5b96d94764c1ea79827","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Our exhibition is going well, it’s a success. The critics are tearing us apart. . . . I’m going back to my studies, it’s better than reading the reviews; there’s nothing to be learned from them.","by":"Pissarro to his friend Théodore Duret, Pontoise, May 5, 1874","id":"6acdc5b96d94764c1ea79828","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/039_Camille_Pissarro_The_Garden_of_Les_Mathurins_at_Pontoise.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Dieses Anwesen bewohnt die bekannte Frauenrechtlerin Maria Deraismes. Pissarro teilt ihre fortschrittlichen Ansichten. The Garden of Les Mathurins at Pontoise, 1876, The Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, Kansas City, Missouri (Purchase: William Rockhill Nelson Trust). 60–38, Image courtesy of Nelson-Atkins Digital Production & Preservation, Joshua Ferdinand","id":"6acdc5b96d94764c1ea79829","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Pissarro was represented with numerous works at all eight Impressionist exhibitions. His paintings, unlike those of his friends Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir, almost never showed the lifestyle and leisure of the well-heeled upper class. He was interested in the simple folk, the hardworking rural population—but such motifs were not popular among buyers, and Pissarro had a hard time making sales.","id":"6acdc5b96d94764c1ea7982a","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Avant-garde decoration: Pissarro’s painted fans were shown at multiple Impressionist exhibitions. At that time, fans were all the rage in Paris. Inspired by Japanese craftsmanship, they flooded the market not only as elegant ladies’ accessories, but also as wall decoration. The unusual format appealed to the experimentally-minded Pissarro, who also hoped for a new source of income and a broader base of buyers to remedy his ongoing financial straits.","id":"6acdc5b96d94764c1ea7982b","image":null},{"blockType":"heading","text":"Pissarro at Home","id":"6acdc5b96d94764c1ea7982c","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"I don’t think he has much say in the household, where his wife wears the pants.","by":"Theo van Gogh, writing about Pissarro to his brother Vincent van Gogh, 1889","id":"6acdc5b96d94764c1ea7982d","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/026_Camille_Pissarro_Portrait_of_the_Artist_2.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Pissarro seldom painted himself. Portrait of the Artist, 1873, Musée d'Orsay, Paris, Donation Paul-Emile Pissarro, 1930, © akg-images / Laurent Lecat","id":"6acdc5b96d94764c1ea7982e","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/027_Camille_Pissarro_Julie_Pissarro_Sewing_Beside_a_Window.jpg?w=1200","caption":"The artist shows his wife Julie working on her sewing. Julie Pissarro Sewing Beside a Window, 1877, The Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford. Presented by Esther Pissarro, 1951","id":"6acdc5b96d94764c1ea7982f","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Pissarro’s family was tremendously important to him. When he and his wife Julie meet, she is working as a kitchen maid for his parents. The daughter of a winegrower’s family in Burgundy, Julie Vellay came from simple circumstances. Eight children are born from their marriage that lasts a lifetime. However Pissarro’s unstable income was often a source of conflict. Julie contributed to the support of the large family through thrifty household management and the cultivation of her own vegetable garden.","id":"6acdc5b96d94764c1ea79830","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/028_Camille_Pissarro_Portrait_of_Jeanne_Pissarro.jpg?w=1200","caption":"The painter sensitively portrays his little daughter Jeanne, known as Minette, wearing a pink dress . . . Portrait of Jeanne Pissarro, 1872, Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven, John Hay Whitney, B.A. 1926, M.A. (Hon.) 1956, Collection","id":"6acdc5b96d94764c1ea79831","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/029_Camille_Pissarro_Jeanne_Pissarro_Minette_Holding_a_Fan_2.jpg?w=1200","caption":". . . and again four years later, weakened by illness. Minette died at the age of only nine. Jeanne Pissarro (Minette) Holding a Fan, 1873, The Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford. Bequeathed by Esther Pissarro, 1952","id":"6acdc5b96d94764c1ea79832","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Pissarro lovingly participated in the rearing of his children. As a devoted father with liberal educational ideals, he did everything in his power to encourage their creativity. All five of his sons embraced artistic professions—whether in printmaking or the field of the applied arts—despite his wife Julie’s concern over the difficulty of earning a living as an artist.","id":"6acdc5b96d94764c1ea79833","image":null}]}}},{"hall":"1A3_2","description":{"de":"Von 1880 an verschob sich Camille Pissarros Interesse auf bäuerliche Figurenbilder, mit denen er in unterschiedlichsten Medien sein Ideal des ländlichen Lebens zum Ausdruck brachte. Den Frauen, die er bei der Heuernte oder der Weinlese zeigt, geht die Arbeit leicht und rhythmisch von der Hand, fast wie in einer Choreographie. Momente des Innehaltens zeugen von einer ruhigen, erfüllenden Tätigkeit. Durch die Stilisierung der Figuren, die ihnen eine überzeitliche Qualität verleiht, weist Pissarro seinen sorgfältig vorbereiteten Kompositionen universale Bedeutung zu. Inhaltlich fortgeführt werden die Erntebilder in lebhaften Marktszenen, in denen Frauen ihre landwirtschaftlichen Erzeugnisse anbieten. Wie das Ideal des Landlebens entsprach das ausgewogene Verhältnis von Produktion und Konsum Pissarros anarchistischen Überzeugungen.","en":"From 1880 on, Camille Pissarro turned his attention to rural figure scenes, with which he expressed his ideal of country life in a wide variety of media. He shows women harvesting hay or picking grapes, performing their work easily and rhythmically, as if it were choreographed. At times, they pause for a moment, suggesting the peaceful, fulfilling nature of their activity. Pissarro’s stylization of the figures lends them a timeless quality and imbues his carefully developed compositions with universal meaning. The themes evoked by the harvest pictures are continued in lively market scenes in which women offer their agricultural produce for sale. Like the ideal of rural life, the balanced relationship between production and consumption corresponds to Pissarro’s anarchist convictions."},"coverImage":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"gallery-cover-image","filename":"1A3_2-min.jpeg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":144833,"width":1920,"height":1183,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T16:28:56.871Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-24T16:28:56.871Z","id":"685ad2489dc10a4724507b04","url":"/cms/api/media/file/1A3_2-min.jpeg","thumbnailURL":null},"3dModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"1a3_2-opt.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":362880,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T15:47:20.177Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T07:59:54.710Z","thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/1a3_2-opt.glb","id":"685ac8889dc10a472450731b"},"startPoint":{"sweepId":"2f18e44203a8442aa9d0f99737de7467","rotation":{"x":-0.22,"y":-92.1}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"c279288a3d4b429cadafd09233d767be","rotation":{"x":4.89,"y":90.49}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.05,"y":1.79,"z":1.33},"position":{"x":13.62,"y":1.87,"z":-5.23,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"685929faef4a7e11c6cf295d","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685ac8889dc10a472450731b","id":"6af57d8780946500013209a7"}],"title":{"de":"Gemeinschaft auf dem Land","en":"Rural Community"},"subtitle":{"de":"Ernte- und Marktszenen","en":"Harvest and Market Scenes"},"ownModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"1a3_2-opt.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":362880,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T15:47:20.177Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T07:59:54.710Z","thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/1a3_2-opt.glb","id":"685ac8889dc10a472450731b"},"furtherReading":{"label":{"de":"","en":""},"blocks":{"de":[{"blockType":"heading","text":"Bilder des Landlebens. Wirklichkeit und Utopie","id":"6acdc5bc6d94764c1ea7983d","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Immer größeren Stellenwert gewinnen in Pissarros Landschaften die Menschen. Würdevoll und mit Respekt schildert der Maler die bäuerliche Bevölkerung bei ihrer Arbeit. Eingebunden in den Rhythmus und Kreislauf der Jahreszeiten widmen sie sich dem Heumachen, Ernten, Pflanzen und Säen wie vor Jahrhunderten. Die großstädtische Hektik scheint weit weg. In diesen Bildern liegt auch eine gesellschaftliche Utopie: der Traum von einem selbstbestimmten Leben und gemeinschaftlicher Arbeiten im Einklang mit der Natur.","id":"6acdc5bc6d94764c1ea7983e","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/054_Camille_Pissarro_The_Pork_Butcher.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Frauen bei der Arbeit: Ein junge Marktfrau in weißer Schürze richtet ihren Verkaufsstand. Die Metzgerin, 1883, Tate, Vermächtnis Lucien Pissarro, der Sohn des Künstlers 1944","id":"6acdc5bc6d94764c1ea7983f","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Ob auf den Märkten oder bei der Feldarbeit: Meist rückt Pissarro die Frauen in den Blick. Die alltägliche Arbeit geht ihnen anscheinend leicht von der Hand. Zufrieden wirken sie, aktiv zupackend, fachkundig und lebendig. Ein ganz neues Frauenbild prägt der Maler hier: frei von erotischen Untertönen und den überlieferten Geschlechterstereotypen der Kunstgeschichte.","id":"6acdc5bc6d94764c1ea79840","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Von Plage, Mühsal und Erschöpfung ist nichts zu spüren, wenn Pissarro die Landbevölkerung schildert. Auch für eine Pause oder ein Gespräch bei der Arbeit bleibt immer Zeit. Die rhythmischen Bewegungen der meist weiblichen Figuren gleichen einem tänzerischen Reigen und sind sorgfältig durchchoreographiert. Die aufwendigen mehrfigurigen Kompositionen bereitet der Maler sorgfältig in vielen Skizzen und Studien vor.","id":"6acdc5bc6d94764c1ea79841","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Herr Pissarro hat längst aufgehört, ausschließlich vor der Natur zu arbeiten und ihre flüchtigen (...) Details wiederzugeben. Er hält zunächst in Aquarell oder Pastell die Physiognomie eines Ortes, das Aussehen eines Bauern (...) fest, dann geht er fernab vom Motiv an die kompositorische Arbeit (...): Übrig bleiben nur die wesentlichen Aspekte.","by":"Der Kritiker Georges Lecomte, 1892","id":"6acdc5bc6d94764c1ea79842","image":null},{"blockType":"heading","text":"Pissarros Anarchismus","id":"6acdc5bc6d94764c1ea79843","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Der Künstler beschäftigt sich intensiv mit den Gesellschaftsutopien anarchistischer Schriftsteller und Denker. Er liest Schriften von Pierre-Joseph Proudhon und Pjotr Alexejewitsch Kropotkin, diskutiert darüber mit seinen Kindern und Freunden. Pissarro abonniert anarchistische Zeitschriften und liefert teilweise selbst Illustrationen dafür. Die Anarchisten lehnen jede Form von Herrschaft ab. In der freien Selbstorganisation der Menschen sehen sie die Chance auf ein besseres Leben für alle. Eine Schlüsselrolle soll dabei den selbstständig arbeitenden Bauern zukommen.","id":"6acdc5bc6d94764c1ea79844","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Alle Künste sind anarchistisch, wenn sie gut und schön sind!","by":"Pissarro an Octave Mirbeau, Éragny-sur-Epte, 30. September 1892","id":"6acdc5bc6d94764c1ea79845","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"In seinen Gemälden bringt Pissarro seine politischen Überzeugungen nur unterschwellig zum Ausdruck. Konkreter wird er im Album „Soziale Schandtaten“ („Turpitudes Sociales“). Die Tuschezeichnungen üben scharfe Kritik an gesellschaftlichen Missständen. Er schickt die karikaturhaften Darstellungen an seine Nichten in England. Sie sollen verstehen, was falsch läuft in Staat und Politik.","id":"6acdc5bc6d94764c1ea79846","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Meine liebe Nichte, ich kann sehr gut verstehen, dass Du von Politik nicht viel weißt, (...); das allgemeine Wahlrecht, musst Du wissen, ist ein Herrschaftsinstrument der kapitalistischen Bourgeoisie (...). Also Nein zur Regierung, zum Staat, zu den Kapitalisten (...). Ich lege Dir das bemerkenswerte Buch von Kropotkin ans Herz, (...) – in einem ganz einfachen Stil, leicht zu lesen und glasklar!","by":"An seine Nichte Esther Isaacson, Éragny-sur-Epte, 12. Dezember 1885","id":"6acdc5bc6d94764c1ea79847","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/MEX_Coleccion_Perez_Simon_Berger_et_moutons_Kopie.png?w=1200","caption":"Viele Werke Pissarros lassen seine politische Haltung und seine Hoffnung auf eine Harmonie zwischen Mensch und Natur durchschimmern. Schäfer und Schafe, 1890, Colección Pérez Simón, Photo: Arturo Piera","id":"6acdc5bc6d94764c1ea79848","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Ich habe gerade das Buch von Kropotkin gelesen. Man muss zugeben, wenn es auch utopisch ist, so ist es auf jeden Fall ein schöner Traum. Und da wir schon oft Beispiele für Utopien hatten, aus denen Realität geworden ist, hindert uns nichts daran, zu glauben, dass das eines Tages möglich sein wird, es sei denn, der Mensch versinkt und kehrt zur völligen Barbarei zurück.","by":"Pissarro an Octave Mirbeau, Éragny-sur-Epte, 21. April 1892","id":"6acdc5bc6d94764c1ea79849","image":null}],"en":[{"blockType":"heading","text":"Images of Rural Life. Reality and Utopia","id":"6acdc5be6d94764c1ea79853","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Human figures played an increasingly important role in Pissarro’s landscapes. He showed the peasants at work, portraying them with dignity and respect. Integrated into the rhythm and cycle of the seasons, they turn hay, harvest, plant, and sow, just as in centuries gone by, seemingly far removed from the hustle and bustle of the big city. Such images also convey the vision of a social utopia, the dream of a self-determined life and communal work in harmony with nature.","id":"6acdc5be6d94764c1ea79854","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/054_Camille_Pissarro_The_Pork_Butcher.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Women at work: a young butcher woman in a white apron arranges her market stall. The Pork Butcher, 1883, Tate, Bequeathed by Lucien Pissarro, the artist's son 1944","id":"6acdc5be6d94764c1ea79855","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Whether selling at the markets or laboring in the field, the figures Pissarro portrayed were most often women. They perform their daily tasks with ease; they seem content, energetic, skilled, and lively. In such works, the painter shaped an entirely new image of womanhood, free of erotic undertones and the traditional gender stereotypes of art history.","id":"6acdc5be6d94764c1ea79856","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Pissarro’s images of rural life show no evidence of plague, toil, or exhaustion; it seems there is always time for a break or to engage in conversation while working. The rhythmic movements of the figures, primarily women, resemble a round dance and are carefully choreographed. The painter meticulously developed his elaborate multifigure compositions through numerous sketches and studies.","id":"6acdc5be6d94764c1ea79857","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"For a long time now, Mr. Pissarro had ceased to work exclusively in front of nature, to render its momentary . . . details. After having fixed in watercolor or pastel the physiognomy of a site, the appearance of a farmer . . . , he devotes himself, far from the motif, to a work of composition . . . : only the essential aspects . . . remain.","by":"The critic Georges Lecomte, 1892","id":"6acdc5be6d94764c1ea79858","image":null},{"blockType":"heading","text":"Pissarro’s Anarchism","id":"6acdc5be6d94764c1ea79859","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"The artist was deeply interested in the social ideas of anarchistic writers and thinkers. He read the works of Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Pyotr Alexeyevich Kropotkin and discussed them with his children and friends. Pissarro subscribed to anarchist magazines, and sometimes even provided illustrations for them. The anarchists rejected all forms of government. For them, the free self-organization of people in society was the path to a better life for all, with the independent labor of self-sufficient farmers playing a central role.","id":"6acdc5be6d94764c1ea7985a","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"All the arts are anarchistic when they are beautiful and good!","by":"Pissarro to Octave Mirbeau, Éragny-sur-Epte, September 30, 1892","id":"6acdc5be6d94764c1ea7985b","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Pissarro voiced his political convictions only subliminally in his paintings. He expressed himself more pointedly in the album Turpitudes Sociales (Social Disgraces), where he used ink drawings to sharply criticize the ills of society. He sent these caricature-like images to his nieces in England to instruct them in the failings of government and politics.","id":"6acdc5be6d94764c1ea7985c","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"My dear niece, I understand perfectly that you may not be familiar with political matters. . . . However, you should know that universal suffrage [is] the instrument of domination for the capitalist bourgeoisie. . . . So—no government, no state, no capitalists. . . . I refer you to Kropotkin’s truly remarkable book, written in a very simple style, easy to read, and as clear as crystal!","by":"Pissarro to his niece Esther Isaacson, Éragny-sur-Epte, December 12, 1885","id":"6acdc5be6d94764c1ea7985d","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/MEX_Coleccion_Perez_Simon_Berger_et_moutons_Kopie.png?w=1200","caption":"Pissarro’s political convictions and his hope for harmony between man and nature shine through in many of his works. Shepherd and Sheep, 1890, Colección Pérez Simón, Photo: Arturo Piera","id":"6acdc5be6d94764c1ea7985e","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"I have just read Kropotkin’s book. It must be admitted that if it’s utopian, in any case it’s a beautiful dream. And because we have often had examples of utopias become realities, nothing prevents us from believing that it will be possible one day, unless man sombers and returns to complete barbarity.","by":"Pissarro to Octave Mirbeau, Éragny-sur-Epte, April 21, 1892","id":"6acdc5be6d94764c1ea7985f","image":null}]}}},{"hall":"1A4","description":{"de":"1884 bezog Camille Pissarro mit seiner Familie ein Haus in Éragny-sur-Epte, wo neben Bildern der unmittelbaren Umgebung und der Nachbarorte zahlreiche Ansichten seines Gartens entstanden. Der von seiner Frau Julie bewirtschaftete Nutzgarten war jahrelang Existenzgrundlage der Familie, bis diese von den Gemäldeverkäufen Pissarros leben konnte. In den Bildern, die der Künstler ab dem 1893 erfolgten Umbau der Scheune zum Atelier oft vom Fenster aus malte, ist vielfach Julie Pissarro bei der Gartenarbeit zu sehen. Die Wiedergabe der aktiven Gestaltung der Natur unterscheidet Pissarros Szenen von Motiven anderer Impressionisten, die Landschaft vor allem als Freizeitraum des Bürgertums und Objekt ästhetischen Genusses darstellten. Pissarros Arbeit im Atelier stellte einen wichtigen Schritt im künstlerischen Prozess dar, in dem er en plein air festgehaltene Motive auf das Wesentliche reduzierte und zu dekorativen Kompositionen entwickelte.","en":"In 1884, Camille Pissarro and his family moved into a house in Éragny-sur-Epte, where he painted not only the surrounding landscape and the neighboring villages but also numerous views of his garden. For years, the vegetable garden cultivated by his wife, Julie Pissarro, was essential to the family’s support until they could live from the sale of Pissarro’s paintings. After converting the barn into a studio in 1893, the artist frequently painted the garden from the window, often depicting Julie at work. Pissarro’s portrayal of the active shaping of nature distinguishes his scenes from the motifs of other Impressionists, who showed the landscape primarily as the site of bourgeois leisure activities and as an object of aesthetic enjoyment. Pissarro’s studio work marked an important stage in his artistic process, during which he reduced motifs captured en plein air to their essentials and developed them into decorative compositions."},"coverImage":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"gallery-cover-image","filename":"1A4-min.jpeg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":310231,"width":2880,"height":1430,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T16:29:13.072Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-24T16:29:13.072Z","id":"685ad2599dc10a4724507b46","url":"/cms/api/media/file/1A4-min.jpeg","thumbnailURL":null},"3dModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"1a4-opt.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":495732,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T15:47:46.184Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T08:00:19.830Z","thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/1a4-opt.glb","id":"685ac8a29dc10a472450735d"},"startPoint":{"sweepId":"e3ae5269457d43fda2f73a406969878d","rotation":{"x":-0.29,"y":-89.85}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"34d42cadb2054b908903276a263f3b04","rotation":{"x":8.86,"y":89.82}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.05,"y":1.91,"z":1.4},"position":{"x":28.82,"y":1.87,"z":1.81,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68592a6cef4a7e11c6cf295e","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685ac8a29dc10a472450735d","id":"6af57d8780946500013209a8"}],"title":{"de":"Blick in den Garten","en":"Garden Views"},"subtitle":{"de":"Das Atelier in Éragny-sur-Epte","en":"The Studio in Éragny-sur-Epte"},"ownModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"1a4-opt.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":495732,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T15:47:46.184Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T08:00:19.830Z","thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/1a4-opt.glb","id":"685ac8a29dc10a472450735d"}},{"hall":"1A5","description":{"de":"Nachdem Camille Pissarro 1885 die jüngeren Kollegen Georges Seurat und Paul Signac kennengelernt hatte, griff er ihre auf neuesten Entwicklungen der Farbtheorie basierende Technik des Divisionismus auf: In kleinen Tupfen auf die Leinwand aufgebracht, sollten sich die Farben nicht mehr auf der Palette, sondern im Auge des Betrachters mischen, um eine stärkere Leuchtkraft zu erzeugen. Pissarro zielte darauf, in seinen Bildern Gegensätze wie Wärme und Kälte oder Licht und Schatten zu einem harmonischen Ganzen zu verbinden. Die Neoimpressionisten strebten „die moderne Synthese“ an. Die Technik war allerdings sehr aufwendig, sodass sich damit weniger Bilder produzieren ließen, und eignete sich nicht für das rasche Festhalten eines unmittelbaren Eindrucks. Daher gab der Künstler ihre strenge Anwendung um 1890 wieder auf. Der Übergang war jedoch fließend – ein Farbauftrag in kurzen Strichen findet sich auch in späteren Werken.","en":"After the encounter with his younger fellow painters Georges Seurat and Paul Signac in 1885, Camille Pissarro adopted their technique, which was based on the newest developments in color theory. The paint was applied to the canvas in small dots, allowing the colors to mix not on the palette but in the eye of the beholder, thereby evoking a greater sense of luminosity. In his paintings, Pissarro sought to unite opposites such as warmth and cold or light and shadow into a harmonious whole in accord with the Neo-Impressionist quest for “a modern synthesis.” The technique was very laborious, limiting the number of pictures that could be produced and making it unsuitable for quickly capturing fleeting impressions. Pissarro therefore abandoned its strict use around 1890. However, the transition was gradual—short brushstrokes continued to appear in his later works."},"coverImage":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"gallery-cover-image","filename":"1A5-min.jpeg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":155313,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T16:29:33.830Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T08:14:15.296Z","height":1293,"thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/1A5-min.jpeg","width":1920,"id":"685ad26d9dc10a4724507b7e"},"3dModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"1a5-opt.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":610256,"createdAt":"2025-06-28T08:15:17.737Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T08:15:17.737Z","id":"685fa495f5c4cef12a03b13f","url":"/cms/api/media/file/1a5-opt.glb","thumbnailURL":null},"startPoint":{"sweepId":"beac69856c984b6ba9e3a9c26b188efd","rotation":{"x":-0.2,"y":65.75}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"e317e089ecb1466e82a30bbdb40d11cd","rotation":{"x":9.2,"y":-89.34}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.05,"y":1.91,"z":1.4},"position":{"x":-4.5,"y":1.9,"z":-3.89,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68592acdef4a7e11c6cf295f","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685fa495f5c4cef12a03b13f","id":"6af57d8780946500013209a9"}],"title":{"de":"Harmonie der Gegensätze","en":"A Harmony of Opposites"},"subtitle":{"de":"Neoimpressionistische Bilder","en":"Neo-Impressionist Paintings"},"ownModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"1a5-opt.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":610256,"createdAt":"2025-06-28T08:15:17.737Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T08:15:17.737Z","id":"685fa495f5c4cef12a03b13f","url":"/cms/api/media/file/1a5-opt.glb","thumbnailURL":null},"furtherReading":{"label":{"de":"","en":""},"blocks":{"de":[{"blockType":"heading","text":"Tausende farbige Punkte. Experiment Neoimpressionismus","id":"6acdc5c16d94764c1ea79869","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Eine neue Wendung nimmt Pissarros Entwicklung, als er 1885 den jungen Künstlern Paul Signac und Georges Seurat begegnet. Sie hätten vom Alter her seine Söhne sein können. Ihre Art zu malen begeistert ihn. Angeregt von aktuellen naturwissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen im Bereich der Optik und Farbtheorie setzen sie winzige Tupfen in Reinfarben nebeneinander. Statt auf der Palette mischen sich die Farbtöne erst im Auge der Betrachtenden. Pissarro lässt sich auf das Abenteuer Neoimpressionismus ein. Die anderen Impressionisten bleiben skeptisch.","id":"6acdc5c16d94764c1ea7986a","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Es ist merkwürdig: Wenn man mit der Punkttechnik arbeitet, mit Zeit, mit Geduld, erreicht man nach und nach eine erstaunliche Zartheit.","by":"An seinen Sohn Lucien, Éragny, 30. Dezember 1886","id":"6acdc5c16d94764c1ea7986b","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/074_Camille_Pissarro_Hoarfrost_Peasant_Girl_Making_a_Fire.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Es ist ein eisiger, sonniger Wintertag. Ein Feuerchen aus gesammelten Ästen spendet Wärme. Raureif, eine junge Bäuerin macht Feuer, 1888, Sammlung Hasso Plattner, Museum Barberini, Potsdam","id":"6acdc5c16d94764c1ea7986c","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Hitze und Kälte, Licht und Schatten, Ferne und Nähe: Gegensätze vereinigen sich in einem flirrenden Spiel farbiger Pinselspuren. Die neoimpressionistische Tüpfeltechnik ist für Pissarro eine Weiterentwicklung des Impressionismus. Ihm geht es dabei vor allem um das, was er Synthese nennt: Pissarro will die Gegensätze im Bild zu einer harmonischen Einheit formen. Dieses Ziel verfolgt er schon länger.","id":"6acdc5c16d94764c1ea7986d","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Die moderne Synthese anstreben, mit wissenschaftlich fundierten Mitteln, die auf der von Chevreul entdeckten Farbtheorie, den Experimenten von Maxwell und den Messungen von N. O. Rood basieren. (...) Denn die optische Mischung ruft eine viel intensivere Leuchtkraft hervor als die Pigmentmischung.","by":"Pissarro an seinen Galeristen Durand-Ruel, 1886","id":"6acdc5c16d94764c1ea7986e","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Die Neoimpressionisten versuchen, die Landschaft zu einem endgültigen Erscheinungsbild zu synthetisieren, das ihre Empfindung verewigt.","by":"Der Kritiker Felix Fénéon, 1887","id":"6acdc5c16d94764c1ea7986f","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Neoimpressionistisch zu malen erweist sich als zeitraubend, langwierig und erfordert ein sehr planmäßiges Vorgehen. Pissarro merkt mit der Zeit, dass ihn das starre System der Farbzerlegung einengt. Er fühlt sich darin beschränkt, seine spontanen Empfindungen auf die Leinwand zu bringen. Nach vier Jahren gibt er das stilistische Abenteuer auf. Aber die gemachten Erfahrungen bereichern ihn, er bezieht die neue Malweise fortan mit ein.","id":"6acdc5c16d94764c1ea79870","image":null},{"blockType":"heading","text":"Das Atelier in Éragny-sur-Epte","id":"6acdc5c16d94764c1ea79871","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"In dem kleinen Dorf Éragny-sur-Epte nordwestlich von Paris nahe der Grenze zur Normandie findet Pissarro eine dauerhafte Bleibe, nach vielen Jahren häufiger Umzüge. Endlich leistet er sich hier ein großzügiges Atelier in der umgebauten Scheune. Dies wird um so wichtiger, als der älter werdende Künstler an einer chronischen Augenentzündung leidet. Auf das Malen im Freien muss er phasenweise ganz verzichten. Pissarro malt weiterhin vor dem Motiv, aber eben vom Fenster aus – mit Blick nach draußen.","id":"6acdc5c16d94764c1ea79872","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/059_Camille_Pissarro_Plum_Trees_in_Blossom_Eragny_2.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Blick in den Garten: Obstblüte in Éragny!. Blühende Pflaumenbäume, Éragny, 1894, Ordrupgaard, Kopenhagen, © Heritage Images / Fine Art Images / akg-images","id":"6acdc5c16d94764c1ea79873","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Auf zahlreichen Bildern Pissarros taucht das Haus in Éragny auf. Es hat eine großen Garten und liegt von Feldern umgeben. Julie Pissarro baut Gemüse und Obst an, hält zeitweise auch Hühner. Anfangs wohnen die Pissarros hier zur Miete. Ein Darlehen von Claude Monet ermöglicht es schließlich, das Haus zu kaufen. Die Initiative dazu kam von Julie Pissarro, ohne sich mit ihrem Mann abzusprechen.","id":"6acdc5c16d94764c1ea79874","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Dieses Atelier ist großartig, aber ich sage mir oft: Wozu brauche ich ein Atelier? Früher habe ich meine Bilder überall gemalt; zu jeder Jahreszeit, in brütender Hitze, bei Regen, in klirrender Kälte... [...] Ob ich in dieser neuen Umgebung werde arbeiten können???","by":"Pissarro an seine Söhne Lucien, Georges und Félix, Éragny-sur-Epte, 28. September 1893","id":"6acdc5c16d94764c1ea79875","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Das ländliche Umfeld von Éragny inspiriert Pissarro. Einen kurzen Spaziergang entfernt auf der anderen Uferseite des Flüsschens Epte liegt das Nachbardorf Bazincourt. Immer wieder kehrt der Maler an den gleichen Standort zurück. So entstehen über Jahre zahlreiche Variationen eines Motivs. Sie zeigen ein von menschlicher Arbeit geprägtes Stück Natur: mit Weideland, Streuobstwiesen und Alleebäumen.","id":"6acdc5c16d94764c1ea79876","image":null}],"en":[{"blockType":"heading","text":"A Thousand Colored Dots. Experiments in Neo-Impressionism","id":"6acdc5c36d94764c1ea79880","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Pissarro’s painterly development took a new turn in 1885 when he met the artists Paul Signac and Georges Seurat, who were young enough to be his sons. He was fascinated by their approach: inspired by current scientific discoveries in the field of optics and color theory, they juxtaposed tiny dots of paint in pure hues, allowing the colors to mix not on the palette, but in the viewer’s eye. Pissarro embarked upon the adventure of Neo-Impressionism. The other Impressionists remained skeptical.","id":"6acdc5c36d94764c1ea79881","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"It’s curious, this work with the dot—with time, with patience, little by little, one achieves an astonishing softness.","by":"Pissarro to his son Lucien, Éragny-sur-Epte, December 30, 1886","id":"6acdc5c36d94764c1ea79882","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/074_Camille_Pissarro_Hoarfrost_Peasant_Girl_Making_a_Fire.jpg?w=1200","caption":"The winter day is both sunny and icy. A small fire of twigs and branches offers warmth. Hoar-Frost, Peasant Girl Making a Fire, 1888, Hasso Plattner Collection, Museum Barberini, Potsdam","id":"6acdc5c36d94764c1ea79883","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Heat and cold, light and shadow, distance and proximity: Pissarro combines opposites into a shimmering play of colored dots. For him, the Neo-Impressionist technique was a further development of Impressionism. His primary concern was to achieve what he called a “synthesis,” a blending of opposites into a harmonious pictorial unity—a goal he had long pursued.","id":"6acdc5c36d94764c1ea79884","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"To seek a modern synthesis through methods grounded in science, based on the color theory discovered by M. Chevreul and after the experiments of Maxwell and the measurements of N. O. Rood. . . . Because optical mixing evokes much more intense luminosity than the mixing of pigments.","by":"Pissarro to his art dealer Durand-Ruel, 1886","id":"6acdc5c36d94764c1ea79885","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"What the Neo-Impressionists are trying to do is synthesize the landscape into a definitive appearance that perpetuates the sensation.","by":"The critic Felix Fénéon, 1887","id":"6acdc5c36d94764c1ea79886","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Painting in the Neo-Impressionist style proved time-consuming and tedious and required the artist to adopt a highly regimented process. Over time, Pissarro began to feel constrained in his spontaneous sensations and limited by this rigid system of color dissection. After four years, he abandoned the stylistic experiment. But the experiences he had gained enriched his work, and from then on he incorporated aspects of this new approach into his painting.","id":"6acdc5c36d94764c1ea79887","image":null},{"blockType":"heading","text":"The Studio in Éragny-sur-Epte","id":"6acdc5c36d94764c1ea79888","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"After many years of frequent moves, Pissarro finally found a permanent home in the small village of Éragny-sur-Epte northwest of Paris near the border of Normandy. There, he was finally able to set up a large studio in the renovated barn. This step was all the more important since the aging artist suffered from a chronic eye condition and was unable to work outside during some phases of his career. Pissarro continued to paint directly from the motif, but now from the window, gazing out at the world.","id":"6acdc5c36d94764c1ea79889","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/059_Camille_Pissarro_Plum_Trees_in_Blossom_Eragny_2.jpg?w=1200","caption":"A view of the garden: fruit blossoms in Éragny!. Plum Trees in Blossom, Éragny, 1894, Ordrupgaard, Copenhagen, © Heritage Images / Fine Art Images / akg-images","id":"6acdc5c36d94764c1ea7988a","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"The house in Éragny appears in numerous paintings by Pissarro. Surrounded by fields, the property also had a large garden where the artist’s wife Julie grew vegetables and fruits and sometimes kept chickens. At first, the Pissarros only rented the home; ultimately, however, they were able to buy it with the help of a loan from Claude Monet. It was Julie Pissarro who seized the initiative and asked for financial assistance, without first discussing it with her husband.","id":"6acdc5c36d94764c1ea7988b","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"It’s a first-rate atelier, but I keep saying to myself, what’s the point of having a studio? In the old days, I did my painting anywhere; in every season, in sweltering heat, under rain, in horrid cold spells. . . . Am I going to be able to work in this new environment???","by":"Pissarro to his sons Lucien, Georges, and Félix, Éragny-sur-Epte, September 28, 1893","id":"6acdc5c36d94764c1ea7988c","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Pissarro was inspired by the rural environment of Éragny. A short stroll away on the other side of the small river Epte lay the neighboring village of Bazincourt. Pissarro returned to the same location again and again, creating numerous variations of a motif over a period of years. The scene shows a slice of nature shaped by the work of human hands, with pastureland, orchard meadows, and rows of trees.","id":"6acdc5c36d94764c1ea7988d","image":null}]}}},{"hall":"Lel","description":{"de":"Alles fließt in Camille Pissarros Bildern von Paris: Menschen verschiedener sozialer Schichten, die sich zu Fuß und in Fuhrwerken fortbewegen, sind zentraler Bestandteil seiner Stadtlandschaften. Seinen anarchistischen Überzeugungen entsprechend, stellte Pissarro sowohl die Menge als auch das Individuum im modernen Gefüge der Metropole dar. Die Serien, die der Künstler zwischen 1893 und 1903 in der Hauptstadt schuf, zeigen Panoramen aus anonymer Distanz. Pissarro verstand sich als Beobachter, nicht als Bewohner der Metropole. In unterschiedlichen Lichtstimmungen malte er Motive wie den Boulevard Montmartre, den Pont Neuf, die Place du Théâtre Français – die anderen als hässlich galt, für Pissarro aber der Inbegriff von Modernität war – sowie die Seine und den Louvre. Sein Galerist Paul Durand-Ruel ermunterte ihn zu solchen Darstellungen, für die sich progressive Sammler begeistern ließen.","en":"In Camille Pissarro’s images of Paris, all is in flux: crowds of people of different social classes, moving along on foot and in carriages, are a central element of his cityscapes. In line with his anarchist convictions, Pissarro depicted both the crowd and the individual within the fabric of the modern metropolis. The series the artist created in the capital city between 1893 and 1903 show panoramas viewed from an anonymous distance. Pissarro understood himself as an observer of the metropolis, not as an inhabitant. In varying atmospheres of light, he depicted motifs such as the Boulevard Montmartre, the Pont Neuf, and the Place du Théâtre Français—which some considered ugly, but which for Pissarro was the epitome of modernity—as well as the Seine and the Louvre. His dealer Paul Durand-Ruel encouraged him to paint such scenes, which became popular among progressive collectors."},"coverImage":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"gallery-cover-image","filename":"Lel-min.jpeg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":297985,"width":2880,"height":1414,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T16:30:07.503Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T08:09:30.483Z","thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/Lel-min.jpeg","id":"685ad28f9dc10a4724507bc5"},"3dModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"lel-opt-1.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":1340812,"width":2880,"height":1414,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T16:30:22.161Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T08:03:25.400Z","thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/lel-opt-1.glb","id":"685ad29e9dc10a4724507bfb"},"startPoint":{"sweepId":"a668b34dbf6147e18a330f11ba72ee27","rotation":{"x":1.21,"y":-179.9}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"d41ec7b0cee3497a8b7de13d4b27c1b1","rotation":{"x":-2.81,"y":-1.4}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.44,"y":1.63,"z":0.05},"position":{"x":-7.1,"y":1.68,"z":4.39,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68592b3aef4a7e11c6cf2960","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685ad29e9dc10a4724507bfb","id":"6af57d8780946500013209aa"}],"title":{"de":"Menschen in der Stadt","en":"City People"},"subtitle":{"de":"Paris-Serien","en":"Paris Series"},"ownModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"lel-opt-1.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":1340812,"width":2880,"height":1414,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T16:30:22.161Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T08:03:25.400Z","thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/lel-opt-1.glb","id":"685ad29e9dc10a4724507bfb"},"furtherReading":{"label":{"de":"","en":""},"blocks":{"de":[{"blockType":"heading","text":"Städte-Serien. Pulsierende Gegenwart","id":"6acdc5c66d94764c1ea79897","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Die quirlige Metropole Paris! Pissarro entdeckt das Thema spät, dann aber intensiv. Kein anderer Impressionist malt so viele Ansichten der Brennpunkte modernen Lebens. Vom ländlichen Éragny reist Pissarro per Eisenbahn in die Hauptstadt, auch um Kontakt zur Kunstszene zu halten. Sein Händler Paul Durand-Ruel bestärkt ihn darin, ganze Serien von Boulevards und Plätzen zu malen. Denn die neuen Großstadtmotive verkaufen sich. Auch die lebhaften Hafenstädte Rouen und Le Havre hält der Maler fest.","id":"6acdc5c66d94764c1ea79898","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Ich freue mich, dass ich mich an diesen Pariser Straßen versuchen kann, die üblicherweise als hässlich gelten, aber so silberhell leuchten und so lebendig sind – das ist so vollkommen modern!!!","by":"Pissarro an Lucien Pissarro, Paris, 15. Dezember 1897","id":"6acdc5c66d94764c1ea79899","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/097_Camille_Pissarro_Boulevard_Montmartre_Twilight.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Der belebte Boulevard Montmartre fesselt über zwei Monate lang Pissarros Aufmerksamkeit: Sechzehn Ansichten entstehen. Boulevard Montmartre, Abenddämmerung, 1897, Sammlung Hasso Plattner, Museum Barberini, Potsdam","id":"6acdc5c66d94764c1ea7989a","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/098_Camille_Pissarro_Boulevard_Montmartre_Mardi_Gras_Sunset.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Am Mardi Gras, dem Faschingsdienstag, ist der Boulevard schwarz von Menschen. Boulevard Montmartre, Mardi Gras, Sonnenuntergang, 1897, Kunst Museum Winterthur, Ankauf, 1947, © Photo: SIK-ISEA, Zürich, Martin Stollenwerk","id":"6acdc5c66d94764c1ea7989b","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Was macht eine Stadt aus? Seriell erkundet Pissarro es. Für seine Stadtansichten quartiert der Maler sich mit Vorliebe in hochgelegenen Hotelzimmern ein. Er arbeitet an bis zu einem Dutzend Leinwänden parallel, um Licht- und Wetterwechsel einzufangen. Das pulsierende Paris mit Wohnhäusern und Prachtbauten wird zur Kulisse. Wichtiger ist dem Maler das Treiben der Bewohner. Bei Pissarro gehört der Stadtraum allen Menschen, nicht nur den wohlhabenden Flaneuren aus dem Bürgertum.","id":"6acdc5c66d94764c1ea7989c","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Ich frage mich, ob Durand meine nächste Serie von Gemälden nicht ablehnen wird; ich bin entmutigt, weil es keinen einzigen anderen Kunsthändler gibt, der Geschäfte machen will! [...] Man hält mich für reich; dabei kämpfe ich die ganze Zeit, um über die Runden zu kommen.","by":"An seinen Sohn Lucien, Paris, 17. Januar 1897","id":"6acdc5c66d94764c1ea7989d","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Die bewegte Pinselführung betont die flüchtigen, rasch wechselnden Eindrücke: Eine umfangreiche Serie widmet Pissarro der Pont Neuf, einer wichtigen Verkehrsachse von Paris. Er wählt einen erhöhten Standpunkt, um die Szenerie im Überblick und aus der Distanz zu erfassen. Fast die Hälfte der Leinwand nimmt der schimmernde Himmel ein: auch er ein Schauspiel ständigen Wandels.","id":"6acdc5c66d94764c1ea7989e","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Städte haben eine besondere Physiognomie, die den Maler unweigerlich anzieht: belebt, anonym, geschäftig, geheimnisvoll.","by":"Der Kritiker Gustave Geffroy über Pissarros Stadtansichten, 1898","id":"6acdc5c66d94764c1ea7989f","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/FR_Le_Havre_Musee_d_art_moderne_Andre_Malraux_Pilots_Jetty_or_the_Anse_des_Pilotes_1903.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Modernes Hafenleben mit Schaulustigen am Kai und einem öffentlichen Pissoir im Vordergrund. Die Anse des Pilotes, Le Havre, Morgen, Sonne, steigende Flut, 1903, Musée d’art moderne André Malraux, Le Havre, © MuMa Le Havre / Florian Kleinefenn","id":"6acdc5c66d94764c1ea798a0","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Seine letzte Gemäldeserie malt der Künstler 1903 in Le Havre. Hier hatte Pissarro mit zwölf Jahren erstmals französischen Boden betreten, um ein Internat bei Paris zu besuchen. Als betagter Maler kehrt er an diesen Ort zurück. Er beobachtet und erlebt eine Hafenstadt in rapidem Wandel. Zwei seiner Ansichten kauft das örtliche Museum an. Es ist Pissarros erster Museumsankauf in Frankreich.","id":"6acdc5c66d94764c1ea798a1","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Manchmal habe ich schreckliche Angst davor, eine Leinwand umzudrehen, weil ich fürchte, dass ich statt des kostbaren Kleinods, das ich gemalt zu haben glaubte, eine Monstrosität vorfinde! [...] Dann gibt es aber wieder Momente, in denen ich mit großer Erleichterung feststelle, dass manches ganz ordentlich geraten ist und meinem Charakter sehr entspricht. Wie dem auch sei – das Malen, überhaupt die Kunst verzaubert mich, das ist mein Leben, was kümmert mich der Rest.","by":"An seinen Sohn Lucien, 20. November 1883","id":"6acdc5c66d94764c1ea798a2","image":null}],"en":[{"blockType":"heading","text":"City series. Pulsating Modernity","id":"6acdc5c86d94764c1ea798ac","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"The swirling metropolis of Paris! Only late in his career did Pissarro discover the city as a motif—but then dove into it head first. No other Impressionist created so many scenes of the epicenter of modern life. From rural Éragny, Pissarro took the train into Paris, not least of all in order to maintain contacts in the art world. His dealer Paul Durand-Ruel encouraged him to paint entire series of boulevards and squares, since the new urban motifs sold well. The painter also depicted the bustling port cities of Rouen and Le Havre.","id":"6acdc5c86d94764c1ea798ad","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"I am delighted to attempt these Parisian streets that are generally thought of as ugly, but which are so silvery, so luminous, and so alive—so fully modern!!!","by":"Pissarro to his son Lucien, Paris, December 15, 1897","id":"6acdc5c86d94764c1ea798ae","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/097_Camille_Pissarro_Boulevard_Montmartre_Twilight.jpg?w=1200","caption":"Pissarro spent over two months painting the lively Boulevard Montmartre, producing a total of sixteen views. Boulevard Montmartre, Twilight, 1897, Hasso Plattner Collection, Museum Barberini, Potsdam","id":"6acdc5c86d94764c1ea798af","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/098_Camille_Pissarro_Boulevard_Montmartre_Mardi_Gras_Sunset.jpg?w=1200","caption":"On Mardi Gras, the boulevard is black with crowds of people. Boulevard Montmartre, Mardi Gras, Sunset, 1897, Kunst Museum Winterthur, Ankauf, 1947, © Photo: SIK-ISEA, Zurich, Martin Stollenwerk","id":"6acdc5c86d94764c1ea798b0","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"What makes a city? Pissarro explored this question in multiple series of paintings. For his cityscapes, the painter preferred to work from a hotel room high above the street. He painted up to a dozen canvases at a time, seeking to capture the changing effects of light and weather. With its houses and splendid buildings, the urban structure of Paris served as a backdrop for what was more important to Pissarro: the life of the inhabitants. For him, the city belonged to everyone, not merely to wealthy bourgeois flaneurs.","id":"6acdc5c86d94764c1ea798b1","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"I wonder if Durand is going to reject my next series of paintings; I’m feeling discouraged because there isn’t a single other dealer willing to do business! . . . People think I’m rich, but it’s always a struggle to make ends meet.","by":"Pissarro to his son Lucien, Paris, January 17, 1897","id":"6acdc5c86d94764c1ea798b2","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Pissarro used energetic brushstrokes to capture the fleeting, rapidly changing impressions. The artist devoted an extensive series to the Pont Neuf, an important transport axis in Paris. He chose an elevated vantage point, surveying the scenery and depicting it from a distance. The shimmering sky fills almost half the canvas: it, too, offers a drama of constant change.","id":"6acdc5c86d94764c1ea798b3","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"Cities have a distinctive physiognomy—transient, anonymous, bustling, mysterious—that must tempt the painter.","by":"The critic Gustave Geffroy on Pissarro’s cityscapes, 1898","id":"6acdc5c86d94764c1ea798b4","image":null},{"blockType":"image","src":"https://www.museum-barberini.de/images/FR_Le_Havre_Musee_d_art_moderne_Andre_Malraux_Pilots_Jetty_or_the_Anse_des_Pilotes_1903.jpg?w=1200","caption":"The life of a modern port, with spectators along the quay, and a public toilet in the foreground. The Anse des Pilotes, Le Havre, Morning, Sunshine, Tide Rising, 1903, Musée d’art moderne André Malraux, Le Havre, © MuMa Le Havre / Florian Kleinefenn","id":"6acdc5c86d94764c1ea798b5","image":null},{"blockType":"paragraph","text":"Pissarro painted his final series of paintings in Le Havre in 1903. There the artist had first set foot on French soil at the age of twelve on his way to boarding school near Paris. Now, as an aging painter, he returned to this place, observing and experiencing the port city in the throes of rapid change. Two of his views were purchased by the local museum—Pissarro’s first sale to a museum in France.","id":"6acdc5c86d94764c1ea798b6","image":null},{"blockType":"quote","text":"I sometimes have horrible fears of turning a canvas around, always dreading I’ll find a monster instead of the precious jewel I thought I’d made! . . . Yet there are moments when I truly find relief in seeing certain things very solid and very much in keeping with my character. But enough of that. Painting, art in general, enchants me; it’s my life. What does the rest matter?","by":"Pissarro to his son Lucien, November 20, 1883","id":"6acdc5c86d94764c1ea798b7","image":null}]}}},{"hall":"1B5","description":{"de":"In seinen letzten Lebensjahren schuf Pissarro mehrere Bilderserien von Hafenstädten in der Normandie. In Rouen, Dieppe und Le Havre mietete er sich in Hotels am Hafen ein, um vom Fenster aus das geschäftige Treiben der Reisenden und Schaulustigen sowie der Arbeiter beim Be- und Entladen der Schiffe festzuhalten. Unter wechselnden Wetterbedingungen fing Pissarro die lebhafte Atmosphäre und die durchaus poetischen Qualitäten der modernen Industrielandschaften ein. Dabei zielte er darauf, das Verhältnis von Himmel, Boden und Wasser in einer harmonischen Form zu erfassen. Mit diesen Szenen, in denen das Thema des internationalen Handels anklingt, schließt sich der Kreis zu Pissarros künstlerischen Anfängen auf Saint Thomas, wo die doppelte Perspektive des Kaufmannssohns und des angehenden Malers seinen spezifischen Blick auf den Ort des Hafens formte.","en":"In the final years of his life, Pissarro painted multiple series showing ports in Normandy. In Rouen, Dieppe, and Le Havre, he rented rooms in portside hotels in order to paint the bustle of travelers and sightseers from the window, as well as the workers loading and unloading the ships. Under changing weather conditions, Pissarro captured the lively atmosphere and distinctly poetic qualities of the modern industrial landscape. In doing so, he sought to capture the connection between sky, ground and water in a harmonious form. The theme of international trade resonates in these images, bringing us full circle to Pissarro’s artistic beginnings on Saint Thomas, where his double perspective as a merchant’s son and aspiring painter formed his unique awareness of the harbor as a place."},"coverImage":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"gallery-cover-image","filename":"1B5-min.jpeg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":292554,"width":2880,"height":1404,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T16:30:40.219Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-24T16:30:40.219Z","id":"685ad2b09dc10a4724507c30","url":"/cms/api/media/file/1B5-min.jpeg","thumbnailURL":null},"3dModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"1b5-opt.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":593684,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T15:49:03.616Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T08:01:08.879Z","thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/1b5-opt.glb","id":"685ac8ef9dc10a472450741c"},"startPoint":{"sweepId":"05fc27f0682645b391b5c539d5d415c9","rotation":{"x":-0.68,"y":-174.66}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"81fc6695f56c4dfcaa10abcc73ab4dcd","rotation":{"x":3.73,"y":90.78}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.05,"y":1.82,"z":1.44},"position":{"x":-11.79,"y":1.9,"z":33.12,"exhibitionDependent":[]}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[],"id":"68592b73ef4a7e11c6cf2961","3dModels":[{"glbFile":"685ac8ef9dc10a472450741c","id":"6af57d8780946500013209ab"}],"title":{"de":"Motoren des Fortschritts","en":"Motors of Progress"},"subtitle":{"de":"Serien von Hafenstädten in der Normandie","en":"Normandy Port Series"},"ownModel":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"3d-model","filename":"1b5-opt.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":593684,"createdAt":"2025-06-24T15:49:03.616Z","updatedAt":"2025-06-28T08:01:08.879Z","thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/1b5-opt.glb","id":"685ac8ef9dc10a472450741c"}}],"artworkList":[{"artwork":{"onDisplay":{"navigator":true,"virtualTour":true},"highlight":false,"catalogNumber":"002","hall":"0A1_1","exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","artist":{"lastName":"Pissarro","firstName":"Camille","lifeDates":"1830–1903","createdAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","id":"67bc238887986af0ae414aff"},"dating":{"de":"1854","en":"1854"},"technique":{"de":"Graphit auf cremefarbenem Velinpapier","en":"Graphite on cream wove paper"},"description":{"de":"Schon in den frühen Skizzen schärfte Pissarro seinen Blick für die einfachen, alltäglichen Motive. Esel und Figuren erfasste er schematisch mit nur wenigen Umrisslinien. Sein Augenmerk lag auf der Baumgruppe, die er mit Schraffuren geübt wiedergab. Das Blatt entstand in Südamerika, motivisch erinnert es an die französische Malerei des Realismus.","en":"In his early sketches, Pissarro was already honing his eye for simple, everyday motifs. The donkeys and figures are indicated schematically in only a few contour lines. The artist focused his attention on the group of trees, skillfully rendering them with hatch marks. The motif of this drawing, which was created in South America, recalls the painting of French Realism."},"measurements":"26,9 x 35,5 cm","credit":{"de":"Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts, Schenkung Gayllis R. Ward in Erinnerung an Chester D. Ward, Jr.","en":"Clark Art Institute, Williamstown, Massachusetts, USA, gift of Gayllis R. Ward in memory of Chester D. 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Inmitten der urwüchsigen Natur zeigt er eine Gruppe weiblicher Figuren, die Lasten auf ihren Köpfen tragen. Das Motiv der werktätigen Frau findet sich wiederholt in Pissarros Frühwerk. Er zeigte die Frauen, darunter auch ehemalige Sklavinnen, in würdevollen Posen.","en":"This drawing is among the first works Pissarro created in Venezuela. It shows a group of female figures in an unspoiled natural setting, carrying burdens on their heads. The motif of working women occurs repeatedly in Pissarro’s early oeuvre. He depicted the women, including former slaves, in dignified poses."},"measurements":"26,5 x 35 cm","credit":{"de":"Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros","en":"Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros"},"copyrightArtist":null,"copyrightFoto":"Gregg Stanger","modelData":{"matterport":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"948ccc1ec3d248528d0ed367f3476de2","rotation":{"x":-0.31,"y":88.11}},"artworkCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.1,"y":0.5,"z":0.57},"position":{"x":6.36,"y":-5.84,"z":-5.22,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.1,"y":0.46,"z":0.28},"position":{"x":6.32,"y":-6.32,"z":-5.8,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"react3fiber":{"position":{"model":{"x":3.6,"y":3,"z":18.6},"floorplan":{"x":3,"y":-6.9,"z":20.5}}}},"createdAt":"2025-05-28T12:49:13.770Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-24T19:44:24.962Z","guides":[],"image":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"artwork-image","filename":"001_Camille-Pissarro_La-Guaira.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":1955534,"width":5039,"height":3842,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-05-30T15:26:42.977Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-30T15:26:42.977Z","id":"6839ce32ed4658a40e9e9695","url":"/cms/api/media/file/001_Camille-Pissarro_La-Guaira.jpg","thumbnailURL":null},"title":{"de":"La Guaira","en":"La Guaira"},"id":"68370649d0f800769f0feb29"},"id":"6837064b9081c3a00da171e2"},{"artwork":{"onDisplay":{"navigator":true,"virtualTour":true},"highlight":false,"catalogNumber":"003","hall":"0A1_1","exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","artist":{"lastName":"Pissarro","firstName":"Camille","lifeDates":"1830–1903","createdAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","id":"67bc238887986af0ae414aff"},"dating":{"de":"1852","en":"1852"},"technique":{"de":"Bleistift auf Papier","en":"Pencil on paper"},"description":{"de":"In engem Ausschnitt zeigt Pissarro einen Wasserfall, der eine imposante Felswand herabstürzt. Die Figurengruppe vorn links gibt einen Eindruck von den Dimensionen des Naturschauspiels. 1852 war Pissarro mit dem dänischen Maler Fritz Melbye nach Venezuela gereist. Wie die sitzende Figur mit Hut und Zeichenbrett arbeiteten sie hier unmittelbar nach der Natur.","en":"This tightly cropped view shows a waterfall cascading down the face of an imposing cliff. The figures in the left foreground indicate the scale of the natural drama. Pissarro made this drawing in 1852 while traveling in Venezuela with Danish painter Fritz Melbye. Like the seated figure in the image with a hat and a drawing board, they too worked directly from nature."},"measurements":"34,29 x 27,94 cm","credit":{"de":"Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros","en":"Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros"},"copyrightArtist":null,"copyrightFoto":"Carlos Germán Rojas","modelData":{"matterport":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"b860c5a34d5e4767bc54ca312e61e0d8","rotation":{"x":0.38,"y":0.37}},"artworkCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.6,"y":0.67,"z":0.1},"position":{"x":7.69,"y":-5.83,"z":-6.73,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.28,"y":0.46,"z":0.1},"position":{"x":7.07,"y":-6.31,"z":-6.76,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"react3fiber":{"position":{"model":{"x":2.9,"y":3,"z":19},"floorplan":{"x":2.2,"y":-6.9,"z":21.2}}}},"createdAt":"2025-05-28T12:49:15.514Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-24T19:44:24.713Z","guides":[],"image":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"artwork-image","filename":"003_Camille-Pissarro_Rio-de-Maiquetía.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":1997627,"width":4101,"height":5039,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-05-30T15:27:58.851Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-30T15:27:58.851Z","id":"6839ce7eed4658a40e9e96b3","url":"/cms/api/media/file/003_Camille-Pissarro_Rio-de-Maiqueti%CC%81a.jpg","thumbnailURL":null},"title":{"de":"Rio de Maiquetía","en":"Rio de Maiquetía"},"id":"6837064bd0f800769f0feb42"},"id":"6837064c9081c3a00da171e3"},{"artwork":{"onDisplay":{"navigator":true,"virtualTour":true},"highlight":false,"catalogNumber":"004","hall":"0A1_1","exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","artist":{"lastName":"Pissarro","firstName":"Camille","lifeDates":"1830–1903","createdAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","id":"67bc238887986af0ae414aff"},"dating":{"de":"1853","en":"1853"},"technique":{"de":"Watercolor and graphite on paper #","en":"Watercolor and graphite on paper"},"description":{"de":"Bereits in Venezuela wandte sich Pissarro der Lebenswirklichkeit der einfachen Bevölkerung zu. Statt der prächtigen Bauten der ehemaligen spanischen Kolonialherren wählte er eine unscheinbare Hütte zum Motiv. Pissarro, der schon als Schüler Zeichenunterricht erhalten hatte, nutzte nun auch Aquarellfarben, um die üppige Vegetation und die simple Behausung wiederzugeben.","en":"Already during his time in Venezuela, Pissarro focused on the life of local people. Here he chose as his motif not the splendid buildings of the former Spanish colonial rulers, but a modest hut. Pissarro had taken drawing lessons as a schoolboy; now he also employed watercolor to render the luxuriant vegetation and simple shelter."},"measurements":"22 x 27 cm","credit":{"de":"Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros","en":"Colección Patricia Phelps de Cisneros"},"copyrightArtist":null,"copyrightFoto":"Gregg Stanger","modelData":{"matterport":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"37c64cefa8ef436fb6665a545eb9d17b","rotation":{"x":-1.84,"y":-1.67}},"artworkCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.48,"y":0.44,"z":0.1},"position":{"x":8.94,"y":-5.85,"z":-6.74,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.28,"y":0.46,"z":0.1},"position":{"x":8.44,"y":-6.33,"z":-6.77,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"react3fiber":{"position":{"model":{"x":1.6,"y":3,"z":19},"floorplan":{"x":0.8,"y":-6.9,"z":21.2}}}},"createdAt":"2025-05-28T12:49:11.992Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-24T19:44:25.229Z","guides":[],"image":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"artwork-image","filename":"004_Camille-Pissarro_Pariata.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":2064007,"width":5039,"height":4043,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-05-30T15:28:20.826Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-30T15:28:20.826Z","id":"6839ce94ed4658a40e9e96c2","url":"/cms/api/media/file/004_Camille-Pissarro_Pariata.jpg","thumbnailURL":null},"title":{"de":"Pariata","en":"Pariata"},"id":"68370647d0f800769f0feb10"},"id":"683706499081c3a00da171e1"},{"artwork":{"onDisplay":{"navigator":true,"virtualTour":true},"highlight":false,"catalogNumber":"007","hall":"0A1_1","exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","artist":{"lastName":"Pissarro","firstName":"Camille","lifeDates":"1830–1903","createdAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","id":"67bc238887986af0ae414aff"},"dating":{"de":"1856","en":"1856"},"technique":{"de":"Öl auf Akademietafel","en":"Oil on academy board"},"description":{"de":"1855 war Pissarro nach Paris gegangen. Einige Bilder mit karibischen Motiven dürfte er von Saint Thomas mitgenommen und später nachdatiert haben, andere malte er vermutlich nach Skizzen oder aus der Erinnerung. Eine Szene wie diese, in die Pissarro eine Figur im Lendenschurz und mit Speer in der Hand einfügte, befriedigte die exotische Schaulust in Frankreich. ","en":"Pissarro had gone to Paris in 1855. He likely took paintings with Caribbean motifs with him from Saint Thomas and later post-dated them, while others he probably painted from sketches or from memory. A scene like this, which Pissarro augmented with a spear-carrying figure clad only in a loincloth, satisfied the taste for the exotic among French audiences."},"measurements":"24,5 x 32,2 cm","credit":{"de":"National Gallery of Art, Washington, Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon","en":"National Gallery of Art, Washington, Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon"},"copyrightArtist":null,"copyrightFoto":"Courtesy National Gallery of Art, Washington","modelData":{"matterport":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"085f28ede2da4287a3cffc29233b1157","rotation":{"x":-1.63,"y":-90.65}},"artworkCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.1,"y":0.44,"z":0.53},"position":{"x":13.06,"y":-5.85,"z":-5.44,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.1,"y":0.52,"z":0.28},"position":{"x":13.1,"y":-6.35,"z":-4.9,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"react3fiber":{"position":{"model":{"x":-2.1,"y":3,"z":18.5},"floorplan":{"x":-1.8,"y":-6.9,"z":19.4}}}},"createdAt":"2025-05-28T12:51:09.408Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-24T19:44:10.696Z","guides":[],"image":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"artwork-image","filename":"007_Camille-Pissarro_A-Creek-in-Saint-Thomas-(Virgin-Islands).jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":1877234,"width":4096,"height":3130,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-05-30T15:28:34.244Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-30T15:28:34.244Z","id":"6839cea2ed4658a40e9e96ef","url":"/cms/api/media/file/007_Camille-Pissarro_A-Creek-in-Saint-Thomas-(Virgin-Islands).jpg","thumbnailURL":null},"title":{"de":"Ein kleiner Fluss auf Saint Thomas (Jungferninseln)","en":"A Creek in Saint Thomas (Virgin Islands)"},"id":"683706bdd0f800769f0ff105"},"id":"683706be9081c3a00da1721e"},{"artwork":{"onDisplay":{"navigator":true,"virtualTour":true},"highlight":false,"catalogNumber":"010","hall":"0A1_1","exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","artist":{"lastName":"Pissarro","firstName":"Camille","lifeDates":"1830–1903","createdAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","id":"67bc238887986af0ae414aff"},"dating":{"de":"1856","en":"1856"},"technique":{"de":"Öl auf Leinwand","en":"Oil on canvas"},"description":{"de":"Die Landschaft mit dem untypischen Hochformat unterscheidet sich von Pissarros anderen Darstellungen von Saint Thomas. Die Pinselführung ist lockerer und die Komposition mit dem verdeckten Weg origineller. In Paris, wo vermutlich auch diese karibische Szene entstand, lernte Pissarro die aktuelle Kunst der Realisten Courbet und Corot kennen.","en":"With its atypical vertical format, this landscape differs from Pissarro’s other images of Saint Thomas. The brushwork is looser, and the composition, featuring a concealed path, is more original. Pissarro probably created this Caribbean scene in Paris, where he also encountered the current art of the Realist painters Courbet and Corot."},"measurements":"47,63 x 38,1 cm","credit":{"de":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon, 83.46","en":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, Richmond, Collection of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Mellon, 83.46"},"copyrightArtist":null,"copyrightFoto":"Photo: Sydney Collins, Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","modelData":{"matterport":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"50eacd556d65445faa259b052f7e210e","rotation":{"x":-2.87,"y":-90.58}},"artworkCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.1,"y":0.66,"z":0.57},"position":{"x":13.07,"y":-5.82,"z":-4.12,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.1,"y":0.52,"z":0.28},"position":{"x":13.11,"y":-6.33,"z":-3.56,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"react3fiber":{"position":{"model":{"x":-2.1,"y":3,"z":17.3},"floorplan":{"x":-1.8,"y":-6.9,"z":17.8}}}},"createdAt":"2025-05-28T12:50:15.292Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-24T19:44:17.335Z","guides":[],"image":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"artwork-image","filename":"010_Camille-Pissarro_Landscape,-Saint-Thomas.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":1817417,"width":3073,"height":3750,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-05-30T15:28:43.233Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-30T15:28:43.233Z","id":"6839ceabed4658a40e9e971c","url":"/cms/api/media/file/010_Camille-Pissarro_Landscape%2C-Saint-Thomas.jpg","thumbnailURL":null},"title":{"de":"Landschaft auf Saint Thomas","en":"Landscape, Saint Thomas"},"id":"68370687d0f800769f0fee62"},"id":"683706889081c3a00da17203"},{"artwork":{"onDisplay":{"navigator":true,"virtualTour":true},"highlight":false,"catalogNumber":"008","hall":"0A1_1","exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","artist":{"lastName":"Pissarro","firstName":"Camille","lifeDates":"1830–1903","createdAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","id":"67bc238887986af0ae414aff"},"dating":{"de":"1856","en":"1856"},"technique":{"de":"Öl auf Leinwand","en":"Oil on canvas"},"description":{"de":"Zwei Frauen begegnen sich auf einem Küstenweg. Die eine balanciert Lasten auf ihrem Kopf, die andere trägt einen Korb. Weiter hinten wird im Meer gewaschen. Die indigene Bevölkerung von Saint Thomas war ausgerottet worden, und viele afrikanische Sklaven wurden auf die Insel gebracht, um auf den Zuckerrohrplantagen zu arbeiten. 1848 wurde in den dänischen Kolonien die Sklaverei abgeschafft.","en":"Two women meet on a coastal path: one balances a load on her head, and the other carries a basket. In the background, other figures do their washing in the sea. After the Indigenous population of Saint Thomas had been wiped out, many African slaves were brought to the island to work on the sugar cane plantations. 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Für Pissarro als Anarchisten dagegen war Arbeit im Freien, die der Selbstversorgung diente, positiv besetzt. Der Maler hatte sich seit Mitte der 1880er Jahre mit sozialutopischen Schriften befasst.","en":"The image of a peasant tilling the soil with a primitive plow traditionally stood for the physically grueling life of the rural population. For Pissarro as an anarchist, however, outdoor work in the service of self-sufficiency had a positive connotation. The painter had been reading social utopian texts since the mid-1880s."},"measurements":"22,54 x 15,24 cm\r\n Blattmaß 36,51 x 28,25 cm","credit":{"de":"Denver Art Museum, Schenkung Noëlle und George Beatty","en":"Denver Art Museum: Gift of Noëlle and George Beatty"},"copyrightArtist":null,"copyrightFoto":"Photo by Christina Jackson, courtesy Denver Art Museum","modelData":{"matterport":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"95e486c7fd1d4c3fbcc4b15c9ace48e3","rotation":{"x":0.23,"y":0.62}},"artworkCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.5,"y":0.6,"z":0.21},"position":{"x":14.89,"y":1.6,"z":-6.79,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.29,"y":0.44,"z":0.05},"position":{"x":15.37,"y":1.12,"z":-6.74,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"react3fiber":{"position":{"model":{"x":-4.3,"y":10.5,"z":18.9},"floorplan":{"x":-4,"y":6.2,"z":21.1}}}},"createdAt":"2025-05-28T12:52:33.324Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-24T19:44:01.197Z","guides":[],"image":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"artwork-image","filename":"048_Camille-Pissarro_The-Plow.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":1921013,"width":3941,"height":5729,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-05-30T15:44:18.610Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-30T15:44:18.610Z","id":"6839d252ed4658a40e9e9956","url":"/cms/api/media/file/048_Camille-Pissarro_The-Plow.jpg","thumbnailURL":null},"title":{"de":"Der Pflug","en":"The Plow"},"id":"68370711d0f800769f0ff4d4"},"id":"683707129081c3a00da17245"},{"artwork":{"onDisplay":{"navigator":true,"virtualTour":true},"highlight":false,"catalogNumber":"062","hall":"1A4","exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","artist":{"lastName":"Pissarro","firstName":"Camille","lifeDates":"1830–1903","createdAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","id":"67bc238887986af0ae414aff"},"dating":{"de":"1900","en":"1900"},"technique":{"de":"Öl auf Leinwand","en":"Oil on canvas"},"description":{"de":"Es ist Frühling – der große Walnussbaum im Garten, den Pissarro vielfach malte, treibt zarte rötliche Blätter aus, während kleinere Obstbäume in voller Blüte stehen. Wie so oft wählte der Künstler hier ein einfaches Motiv, um den Fokus auf die jahres- und tageszeitlichen Besonderheiten zu legen. Die Angabe „Nachmittag“ im Bildtitel zeugt von der Bedeutung dieses Aspekts.","en":"Spring has come. The large walnut tree in the garden, which Pissarro painted on multiple occasions, puts out delicate reddish leaves, while the smaller fruit trees are in full bloom. As so often, here the artist chose a simple motif in order to focus attention on the unique atmosphere of the season and time of day. The designation “Afternoon” in the title of the painting bears witness to the importance of this aspect."},"measurements":"66 x 81,8 cm","credit":{"de":"Privatsammlung, Vereinigtes Königreich","en":"Private Collection, UK"},"copyrightArtist":null,"copyrightFoto":"© 2023 Christie’s Images Limited","modelData":{"matterport":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"ad75299900c145f08e92f3f48f104351","rotation":{"x":-0.91,"y":178.96}},"artworkCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.02,"y":0.84,"z":0.15},"position":{"x":32.21,"y":1.59,"z":2.88,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.3,"y":0.52,"z":0.1},"position":{"x":31.24,"y":1.05,"z":2.96,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"react3fiber":{"position":{"model":{"x":-21.4,"y":10.3,"z":10.3},"floorplan":{"x":-20.4,"y":6.2,"z":8.9}}}},"createdAt":"2025-05-28T12:49:54.077Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-24T19:44:19.896Z","guides":[],"image":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"artwork-image","filename":"062_Camille-Pissarro_The-Large-Walnut-Tree,-Éragny,-Afternoon.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":12871923,"width":13665,"height":10874,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-05-30T15:58:05.586Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-30T15:58:05.586Z","id":"6839d58ded4658a40e9e9a28","url":"/cms/api/media/file/062_Camille-Pissarro_The-Large-Walnut-Tree%2C-E%CC%81ragny%2C-Afternoon.jpg","thumbnailURL":null},"title":{"de":"Der große Walnussbaum, Éragny, Nachmittag","en":"The Large Walnut Tree, Éragny, Afternoon"},"id":"68370672d0f800769f0fed4f"},"id":"683706739081c3a00da171f8"},{"artwork":{"onDisplay":{"navigator":true,"virtualTour":true},"highlight":false,"catalogNumber":"060","hall":"1A4","exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","artist":{"lastName":"Pissarro","firstName":"Camille","lifeDates":"1830–1903","createdAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","id":"67bc238887986af0ae414aff"},"dating":{"de":"1902","en":"1902"},"technique":{"de":"Öl auf Leinwand","en":"Oil on canvas"},"description":{"de":"Auf der Wiese vor der Gartenmauer steht ein großer Apfelbaum, der noch einige rote Früchte trägt. 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Pissarro renders the grass and leaves as shimmering daubs of color against the tall tree trunks."},"measurements":"64,8 x 54 cm","credit":{"de":"Colección Pérez Simón","en":"Colección Pérez Simón"},"copyrightArtist":null,"copyrightFoto":"Arturo Piera","modelData":{"matterport":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"5bc59f901403423eb6958862a9b02f77","rotation":{"x":-1.55,"y":90.4}},"artworkCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.15,"y":0.94,"z":0.85},"position":{"x":28.83,"y":1.6,"z":-3.87,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.1,"y":0.54,"z":0.3},"position":{"x":28.78,"y":1.06,"z":-3.18,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"react3fiber":{"position":{"model":{"x":-18.2,"y":10.3,"z":16.8},"floorplan":{"x":-17.4,"y":6.2,"z":19.4}}}},"createdAt":"2025-05-28T12:51:31.855Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-24T19:44:08.076Z","guides":[],"image":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"artwork-image","filename":"068_Camille-Pissarro_The-Tall-Beech-Trees,-Varengeville.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":2096198,"width":3074,"height":3822,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-05-30T16:03:05.967Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-30T16:03:05.967Z","id":"6839d6b9ed4658a40e9e9a82","url":"/cms/api/media/file/068_Camille-Pissarro_The-Tall-Beech-Trees%2C-Varengeville.jpg","thumbnailURL":null},"title":{"de":"Die großen Buchen, Varengeville","en":"The Tall Beech Trees, Varengeville"},"id":"683706d3d0f800769f0ff218"},"id":"683706d59081c3a00da17229"},{"artwork":{"onDisplay":{"navigator":true,"virtualTour":true},"highlight":false,"catalogNumber":"065","hall":"1A4","exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","artist":{"lastName":"Pissarro","firstName":"Camille","lifeDates":"1830–1903","createdAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","id":"67bc238887986af0ae414aff"},"dating":{"de":"1895","en":"1895"},"technique":{"de":"Öl auf Leinwand","en":"Oil on canvas"},"description":{"de":"Die Zweige des Baumes in der Bildmitte verschmelzen nahezu mit der dahinterliegenden Vegetation zu einem ornamentalwirkenden Streifen. 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Die Tiere wirken wie Protagonisten auf einer Bühne, während dem Hirten im Schatten nur eine Nebenrolle zukommt. Üblicherweise findet man solches Bildpersonal in Schilderungen des Hirtenlebens in idyllischer Landschaft – Pissarro übertrug es hier in seine Alltagsrealität.","en":"On the village street of Éragny, a herd of sheep stirs up a cloud of dust as tall as the houses. The animals seem like protagonists on a stage, while the shepherd plays only a supporting role in the shadows. 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Es ist klarer komponiert und wirkt mit seiner diffusen Lichtstimmung nahezu romantisch. Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts wurden Ziegel bereits industriell gefertigt. Auch wenn Pissarro Mann und Pferd in einem Moment der Ruhe zeigt, klingt in dem Motiv doch die Würdigung handwerklicher Produktion an.","en":"This image of the brickyard, created a year after the other view, is painted in a NeoImpressionist style using small dots of color. The composition is clearer, and the atmosphere of diffused light gives it an almost Romantic quality. By the late nineteenth century, bricks were already industrially manufactured. 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Aufgrund einer Augenkrankheit konnte er in diesen Jahren nur noch bedingt im Freien malen und beobachtete die Bewegungen auf dem Pont Neuf vom Fenster aus. Auch ein regnerischer Tag mit grauem Himmel war für den Künstler ein reizvolles Motiv.","en":"After spending the summer of 1902 in Dieppe, Pissarro returned to Paris in October. Due to an eye disease, he could only work outdoors to a limited extent, and thus painted the activity on the Pont Neuf from a window. 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Der Maler zeigt den ehemaligen Schlosspark, ohne seine barocke Pracht zu inszenieren. Stattdessen wählte er einen schnappschusshaften Ausschnitt bei Regenwetter: Auf dem Weg haben sich Pfützen gebildet, die Bäume sind kahl,die Blumenrabatten unbepflanzt.","en":"In 1898, Pissarro rented an apartment on the Rue de Rivoli with a view of the Tuileries Gardens and the Louvre. Here the painter shows the former palace gardens, though not in their Baroque splendor. Instead, he chose a snapshot-like section of the grounds in rainy weather: there are puddles on the path, the trees are bare, and the flowerbeds are unplanted."},"measurements":"65 x 92 cm","credit":{"de":"The Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford, Vermächtnis Frau W. F. R. Weldon, 1936","en":"The Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford. Bequeathed by Mrs W. F. R. 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Pissarro was interested in everyday landscapes, shaped by human movements and actions."},"measurements":"54,5 x 65,3 cm","credit":{"de":"Musée d’art moderne André Malraux, Le Havre","en":"Musée d’art moderne André Malraux, Le Havre"},"copyrightArtist":null,"copyrightFoto":"© MuMa Le Havre / Charles Maslard","modelData":{"matterport":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"060888b1afcd43759a6588541a6b5898","rotation":{"x":-1.82,"y":-0.39}},"artworkCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.85,"y":0.73,"z":0.15},"position":{"x":-5.99,"y":1.6,"z":23.7,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.28,"y":0.56,"z":0.07},"position":{"x":-6.71,"y":1.07,"z":23.72,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"react3fiber":{"position":{"model":{"x":16.9,"y":10.3,"z":-11},"floorplan":{"x":15.2,"y":6,"z":-9.1}}}},"createdAt":"2025-05-28T12:49:18.950Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-24T19:44:24.240Z","guides":[],"image":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"artwork-image","filename":"095_Camille-Pissarro_The-Anse-des-Pilotes-and-the-East-Breakwater,-Le-Havre,-Afternoon,-Sunny-Weather.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":2007064,"width":5520,"height":4634,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-05-30T16:15:27.045Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-30T16:15:27.045Z","id":"6839d99fed4658a40e9e9c17","url":"/cms/api/media/file/095_Camille-Pissarro_The-Anse-des-Pilotes-and-the-East-Breakwater%2C-Le-Havre%2C-Afternoon%2C-Sunny-Weather.jpg","thumbnailURL":null},"title":{"de":"Die Anse des Pilotes mit östlichem Wellenbrecher, Le Havre, Nachmittag, Sonne","en":"The Anse des Pilotes and the East Breakwater, Le Havre, Afternoon, Sunny Weather"},"id":"6837064ed0f800769f0feb74"},"id":"683706509081c3a00da171e5"},{"artwork":{"onDisplay":{"navigator":true,"virtualTour":true},"highlight":false,"catalogNumber":"094","hall":"1B5","exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","artist":{"lastName":"Pissarro","firstName":"Camille","lifeDates":"1830–1903","createdAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","id":"67bc238887986af0ae414aff"},"dating":{"de":"1902","en":"1902"},"technique":{"de":"Öl auf Leinwand","en":"Oil on canvas"},"description":{"de":"Am Kai des Hafenbeckens drängen sich die Passagiere eines Segeldampfers. Bestärkt durch den Erfolg seiner RouenSerien hatte Pissarro in den folgenden Jahren weitere Hafenstädte aufgesucht. 1901 kam er erstmals nach Dieppe, einer Küstenstadt in der Normandie. Schon Monet und Renoir hatten in der Umgebung die eindrücklichen Kreidefelsen gemalt. Bei Pissarro bilden sie lediglich den Hintergrund für sein Hafenpanorama.","en":"The passengers of a steamship with sails jostle on the quay of the harbor basin. Encouraged by the success of his Rouen series, Pissarro sought out other port cities in the years that followed. In 1901, he made his first visit to Dieppe, a coastal city in Normandy. Monet and Renoir had already painted the imposing chalk cliffs in the region; in Pissarro’s work, they appear only as a backdrop for the harbor panorama."},"measurements":"46,7 x 55,2 cm","credit":{"de":"Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, Mildred Anna Williams Collection","en":"Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco, Mildred Anna Williams Collection"},"copyrightArtist":null,"copyrightFoto":"Photograph by Joseph McDonald, courtesy of the Fine Arts Museums of San Francisco ","modelData":{"matterport":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"0aac17c0afe24082b185cc1764a2222b","rotation":{"x":-5.31,"y":-91.75}},"artworkCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.15,"y":0.73,"z":0.85},"position":{"x":-4.56,"y":1.6,"z":25.51,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.07,"y":0.56,"z":0.28},"position":{"x":-4.47,"y":1.09,"z":26.31,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"react3fiber":{"position":{"model":{"x":15.5,"y":10.3,"z":-12.6},"floorplan":{"x":14.8,"y":6,"z":-11.5}}}},"createdAt":"2025-05-28T12:52:10.807Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-24T19:44:03.731Z","guides":[],"image":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"artwork-image","filename":"094_Camille-Pissarro_Harbor-at-Dieppe.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":1839183,"width":3000,"height":2518,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-05-30T16:14:54.369Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-30T16:14:54.369Z","id":"6839d97eed4658a40e9e9c08","url":"/cms/api/media/file/094_Camille-Pissarro_Harbor-at-Dieppe.jpg","thumbnailURL":null},"title":{"de":"Der Hafen von Dieppe","en":"Harbor at Dieppe"},"id":"683706fad0f800769f0ff3da"},"id":"683706fc9081c3a00da1723b"},{"artwork":{"onDisplay":{"navigator":true,"virtualTour":true},"highlight":false,"catalogNumber":"091","hall":"1B5","exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","artist":{"lastName":"Pissarro","firstName":"Camille","lifeDates":"1830–1903","createdAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","id":"67bc238887986af0ae414aff"},"dating":{"de":"1898","en":"1898"},"technique":{"de":"Öl auf Leinwand","en":"Oil on canvas"},"description":{"de":"Selten ist Pissarro bei der Wiedergabe von Witterung und Lichteffekten so weit gegangen wie in diesem Bild. Der Nebel mischt sich mit dem Rauch der Dampfboote und Industrieanlagen zu einem dichten Schleier, aus dem die Formen nur schemenhaft hervortreten. Die Stadtansicht gewinnt hier eine poetische und gleichzeitig geradezu abstrakte Qualität.","en":"Rarely did Pissarro go so far in the rendering of effects of light and weather as in this painting. The smoke from the steamboats and industrial complexes mingles with the fog, producing a heavy veil through which only schematic forms are visible. Here, the cityscape acquires a poetic and at the same time almost abstract quality."},"measurements":"65,4 x 81,3 cm","credit":{"de":"Colección Pérez Simón","en":"Colección Pérez Simón"},"copyrightArtist":null,"copyrightFoto":"Arturo Piera","modelData":{"matterport":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"5190c36ba7ab4fa7880e619f4c0c9c86","rotation":{"x":-3.18,"y":-90.67}},"artworkCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.15,"y":1.04,"z":1.19},"position":{"x":-4.55,"y":1.61,"z":30.43,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.07,"y":0.47,"z":0.28},"position":{"x":-4.47,"y":1.13,"z":29.46,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"react3fiber":{"position":{"model":{"x":15.6,"y":10.3,"z":-17.5},"floorplan":{"x":14.8,"y":6,"z":-17.7}}}},"createdAt":"2025-05-28T12:52:02.645Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-24T19:44:04.656Z","guides":[],"image":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"artwork-image","filename":"091_Camille-Pissarro_Pont-Boieldieu,-Rouen,-Effect-of-Fog.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":2085995,"width":5480,"height":4348,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-05-30T16:13:10.460Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-30T16:13:10.460Z","id":"6839d916ed4658a40e9e9bdb","url":"/cms/api/media/file/091_Camille-Pissarro_Pont-Boieldieu%2C-Rouen%2C-Effect-of-Fog.jpg","thumbnailURL":null},"title":{"de":"Der Pont Boieldieu, Rouen, Nebeleffekt","en":"Pont Boieldieu, Rouen, Effect of Fog"},"id":"683706f2d0f800769f0ff376"},"id":"683706f49081c3a00da17237"},{"artwork":{"onDisplay":{"navigator":true,"virtualTour":true},"highlight":false,"catalogNumber":"089","hall":"1B5","exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","artist":{"lastName":"Pissarro","firstName":"Camille","lifeDates":"1830–1903","createdAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","id":"67bc238887986af0ae414aff"},"dating":{"de":"1896","en":"1896"},"technique":{"de":"Öl auf Leinwand","en":"Oil on canvas"},"description":{"de":"Die Komposition ist in zwei Zonen unterteilt: Die obere widmete Pissarro ganz dem regenschweren Wolkenhimmel, die untere zeigt das geschäftige Treiben an der Seine in Rouen. Drei Brücken überspannen den Fluss. Vorn ist der erst 1888 errichtete Pont Boieldieu zu erkennen. Die Bauten aus Stein und Stahl waren Zeichen des Fortschritts.","en":"The composition is divided into two zones: the upper one is devoted entirely to the sky with its heavy rainclouds, while the lower area shows the bustling activity along the Seine in Rouen. The river is spanned by three bridges including the Pont Boieldieu in the foreground, newly built in 1888. The structures of stone and steel were symbols of progress."},"measurements":"73 x 92 cm","credit":{"de":"Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe","en":"Staatliche Kunsthalle Karlsruhe"},"copyrightArtist":null,"copyrightFoto":"Kunsthalle Karlsruhe","modelData":{"matterport":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"e26e0f3c69024eb18ce357c00502ec70","rotation":{"x":-5.73,"y":-90.16}},"artworkCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.15,"y":1.04,"z":1.19},"position":{"x":-4.54,"y":1.59,"z":32.47,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.07,"y":0.47,"z":0.28},"position":{"x":-4.48,"y":1.11,"z":31.52,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"react3fiber":{"position":{"model":{"x":15.6,"y":10.3,"z":-19.7},"floorplan":{"x":14.8,"y":6,"z":-18.9}}}},"createdAt":"2025-05-28T12:50:41.714Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-24T19:44:14.206Z","guides":[],"image":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"artwork-image","filename":"089_Camille-Pissarro_The-Great-Bridge-in-Rouen,-Rainy-Weather.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":2039206,"width":6329,"height":5005,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-05-30T16:12:38.514Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-30T16:12:38.514Z","id":"6839d8f6ed4658a40e9e9bbd","url":"/cms/api/media/file/089_Camille-Pissarro_The-Great-Bridge-in-Rouen%2C-Rainy-Weather.jpg","thumbnailURL":null},"title":{"de":"Blick auf die Große Brücke zu Rouen bei Regenstimmung","en":"The Great Bridge in Rouen, Rainy Weather"},"id":"683706a1d0f800769f0fefa7"},"id":"683706a39081c3a00da17210"},{"artwork":{"onDisplay":{"navigator":true,"virtualTour":true},"highlight":false,"catalogNumber":"090","hall":"1B5","exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","artist":{"lastName":"Pissarro","firstName":"Camille","lifeDates":"1830–1903","createdAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","id":"67bc238887986af0ae414aff"},"dating":{"de":"1896","en":"1896"},"technique":{"de":"Öl auf Leinwand","en":"Oil on canvas"},"description":{"de":"In starker Aufsicht zeigt Pissarro den Blick auf den Pont Boieldieu. Die Komposition ist ungewöhnlich dynamisch: Die Brücke kreuzt die Seine, die diagonal durch das Bild läuft. Überall ist Bewegung spürbar: Im geschäftigen Treiben auf der Brücke und den Kais sowie im fließenden Gewässer und dem aufsteigenden Rauch der Dampfschlote, den der Wind zur Seite treibt.","en":"Pissarro shows the Pont Boieldieu from an elevated vantage point. The composition is unusually dynamic, with the bridge running transverse to the diagonal course of the Seine River. Movement is everywhere— from the busy traffic on the bridge and quays to the flowing waterway and the smoke ascending from the steam funnels, driven sideways by the wind."},"measurements":"73,6 x 91,4 cm","credit":{"de":"Collection Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, Schenkung Reuben Wells Leonard Estate, 1937","en":"Collection of Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto. 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The port as a hub for commercial activities was familiar to Pissarro from his birthplace of Saint Thomas in the Caribbean: he had rejected a career in his parents’ mercantile business in order to pursue his artistic ambitions."},"measurements":"50 x 61 cm","credit":{"de":"Privatsammlung","en":"Private Collection"},"copyrightArtist":null,"copyrightFoto":"Francis Rhodes","modelData":{"matterport":{"insideView":{"sweepId":"f065654b36a14affa0dea7134a8b98dd","rotation":{"x":-3.21,"y":179.45}},"artworkCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.8,"y":0.71,"z":0.15},"position":{"x":-6.83,"y":1.6,"z":36.24,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}},"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.28,"y":0.54,"z":0.07},"position":{"x":-6.01,"y":1.08,"z":36.26,"exhibitionDependent":[]},"rotation":{"x":0,"y":0,"z":0}}},"react3fiber":{"position":{"model":{"x":17.4,"y":10.3,"z":-23},"floorplan":{"x":15.8,"y":6,"z":-21.7}}}},"createdAt":"2025-05-28T12:52:08.744Z","updatedAt":"2026-02-24T19:44:03.976Z","guides":[],"image":{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","type":"artwork-image","filename":"092_Camille-Pissarro_View-of-the-Quai-Cavelier-de-La-Salle,-Rouen.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":1851737,"width":6128,"height":4934,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-05-30T16:14:01.114Z","updatedAt":"2025-05-30T16:14:01.114Z","id":"6839d949ed4658a40e9e9bea","url":"/cms/api/media/file/092_Camille-Pissarro_View-of-the-Quai-Cavelier-de-La-Salle%2C-Rouen.jpg","thumbnailURL":null},"title":{"de":"Blick auf den Quai Cavelier-de-La-Salle, Rouen","en":"View of the Quai Cavelier-de-La-Salle, Rouen"},"id":"683706f8d0f800769f0ff3c1"},"id":"683706fa9081c3a00da1723a"},{"artwork":{"onDisplay":{"navigator":true,"virtualTour":true},"highlight":false,"catalogNumber":"093","hall":"1B5","exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","artist":{"lastName":"Pissarro","firstName":"Camille","lifeDates":"1830–1903","createdAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-24T07:45:12.938Z","id":"67bc238887986af0ae414aff"},"dating":{"de":"1898","en":"1898"},"technique":{"de":"Öl auf Leinwand","en":"Oil on canvas"},"description":{"de":"Für seine Ansichten vom Hafen in Rouen verband Pissarro die Wiedergabe der Lichtverhältnisse bei wechselndem Wetter mit den rauen Elementen der Industrieanlagen. 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Unlike during the eighteenth century, when only the nobility went to spas to take the waters, bathe in hot springs, and relax in parks, countless tourists were drawn to the resorts on the seaside, including the artists and their collectors."},"coverImage":{"alt":"1b4 gallery cover impressionism","exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","type":"gallery-cover-image","filename":"Paris_und_Peripherie_Cover.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":378298,"width":2880,"height":1644,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-02-20T10:06:31.234Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-20T10:06:31.234Z","id":"67b6fea75c358fca3f060891","url":"/cms/api/media/file/Paris_und_Peripherie_Cover.jpg","thumbnailURL":null},"3dModel":{"exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","type":"3d-model","filename":"1b4_cut_paintings-opt-1.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":803188,"createdAt":"2025-03-07T13:14:53.976Z","updatedAt":"2025-03-07T13:14:53.976Z","id":"67caf14d0aa4f91dd2e19be7","url":"/cms/api/media/file/1b4_cut_paintings-opt-1.glb","thumbnailURL":null},"3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6ac98c02bb42ed4293e293bb","id":"69d26d9f02142f001b7bbdb1"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"9157c44f0845461090806650fae0f4fb","rotation":{"x":-4.368376621908027,"y":-91.36761041006801}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.72,"y":1.96,"z":0.05},"position":{"x":36.34514881438148,"y":-5.3412864270067395,"z":32.87079938585636,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","position":{"x":36.51,"y":1.89,"z":32.78},"id":"688e454d7080e41820ff4559"},{"exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","position":{"x":36.34514881438148,"y":-5.3412864270067395,"z":32.87079938585636},"id":"69bd24a872d5786b609cf2df"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"38d7a963530147c8ba619655596ea983","rotation":{"x":5.7914495710074805,"y":179.11581997411366}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[{"exhibition":"68f753818c90c86166dd78af","x":4.58,"y":-7.55,"z":-2.34,"id":"6929668036d45c4158d58e1e"},{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","x":4.3349,"y":-7.6066,"z":-2.2815,"id":"69a9d2b9b366e7001bdbe952"}],"id":"67b6fbb03f862b6f010e238a","ownModel":{"createdAt":"2026-10-10T00:51:14.861Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-10T00:51:17.786Z","exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","type":"3d-model","url":"/cms/api/media/file/1b4_cut_paintings-opt-1_1024_draco.glb","filename":"1b4_cut_paintings-opt-1_1024_draco.glb","mimeType":"model/gltf-binary","filesize":256704,"thumbnailURL":null,"id":"6ac98c02bb42ed4293e293bb"}},{"activeTemporaryExhibitions":["67b343f28635bba96e329739","6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","68f753818c90c86166dd78af","699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","6a4a542818d42df607da7bf3","6acc4503051e2c1b61349898"],"hall":"2B6","title":{"de":"Ein neuer Realismus","en":"A New Realism"},"subtitle":{"de":"","en":""},"description":{"de":"Die Motive der Impressionisten sind betont unspektakulär: Kornfelder, Pappelreihen, Feldwege und Wiesen. In den Feldern an ihren Wohnorten fingen sie für ihr Pariser Publikum Aspekte französischer Landschaft ein, die weder nostalgischen noch nationalen Klischees entsprachen. Lebendig werden ihre neuartigen Naturausschnitte durch die bewegte Pinselführung. So offen die Malweise auch ist, so exakt ist doch die Topographie wiedergegeben. Wege versinnbildlichen nicht mehr den Lauf des Lebens wie in der klassischen Landschaftsmalerei, sondern laden die Betrachter ein, Licht und Luft, Tages- und Jahreszeiten mit allen Sinnen zu empfinden. Als Städter nahmen die Künstler das agrarisch geprägte Frankreich mit anderen Augen wahr als die Bauern ihr Ackerland. Während Camille Pissarro und Alfred Sisley sich in ihren Bildern mit der Landbevölkerung in Beziehung setzten, inszenierte Claude Monet sich und seine Familie als Außenstehende. Seine Bilder zeigen das landschaftliche Umfeld Givernys ohne die Arbeit der ansässigen Bauern in den Blick zu nehmen. Mit wechselnden Licht- und Wetter-bedingungen erfassten die Maler atmosphärische Erscheinungen, wie sie die Wissenschaft im 19. Jahrhundert erforschte. Auch die Künstler setzten auf genaue Beobachtung der Phänomene. Dabei entstand keine willkürliche Stimmungsmalerei, sondern ein Protokoll unmittelbaren Erlebens: jeder Pinselstrich eine Information.","en":"The motifs of the Impressionists are adamantly unspectacular: fields of wheat, rows of poplars, forest paths, and meadows. In the fields near their homes, they recorded aspects of the French landscape that did not correspond to nostalgic or national clichés. Their new modern views of nature come alive through animated brushstrokes. Despite the openness of their painting style, their depiction of topography is precise. Paths, for example, instead of symbolizing the course of life as in classic landscape painting, now invite viewers to experience the light, air, times of day, and seasons with all of their senses. As people from the city, the Impressionists perceived France's agrarian tradition in a different way than the farmers saw their land. While Camille Pissarro and Alfred Sisley engaged with rural people in their pictures, Claude Monet staged himself and his family as outsiders. His paintings show the rural environment of Giverny without directly depicting the work of the local farmers. In changing light and weather conditions the painters captured atmospheric phenomena of the sort that nineteenth-century scientists researched. The artists, too, strove for an exact observation of phenomena. Rather than painting random atmospheric effects, they created protocols of direct experience: each brushstroke a piece of information."},"coverImage":{"alt":"2a6 gallery cover impressionism","exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","type":"gallery-cover-image","filename":"Ein_Neuer_Realismus_Cover.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":343876,"width":2880,"height":1642,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-02-20T10:03:05.865Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-20T10:03:05.865Z","id":"67b6fdd95c358fca3f0607bb","url":"/cms/api/media/file/Ein_Neuer_Realismus_Cover.jpg","thumbnailURL":null},"3dModel":{"exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","type":"3d-model","filename":"2b6.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":3962840,"createdAt":"2025-03-07T12:46:18.614Z","updatedAt":"2025-03-07T12:46:18.614Z","id":"67caea9a0aa4f91dd2e196f7","url":"/cms/api/media/file/2b6.glb","thumbnailURL":null},"3dModels":[{"glbFile":"69cea5ca70c4a99939b3a7b2","exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","id":"69cea5b4a9f9cb7f5e8a3dd9"},{"glbFile":"6aca6738af3802bc375cb4d1","id":"6aca6742af3802bc375cb4e0"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"57e7e4f42db341b39a2bbc4b5b4f34e5","rotation":{"x":-9.680895730073015,"y":-88.64976691074105}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.71,"y":1.63,"z":0.05},"position":{"x":22.511528540044413,"y":1.7300481240878167,"z":23.28855454980808,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","position":{"x":22.58,"y":9.17,"z":23.28},"id":"68909e0b55609b65edca8c53"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"2cdbdab184934c26985cebf84d7d746c","rotation":{"x":6.6548849019929035,"y":0.4648490428018768}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[{"exhibition":"68f753818c90c86166dd78af","x":4.53,"y":-7.63,"z":-2.31,"id":"6929671636d45c4158d58e20"},{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","x":4.3788,"y":-7.5149,"z":-2.2826,"id":"69a9d2b9b366e7001bdbe953"}],"id":"67b6fbcf3f862b6f010e238c","ownModel":{"createdAt":"2026-10-10T16:26:32.970Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-10T16:26:42.173Z","exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","type":"3d-model","url":"/cms/api/media/file/2b6_1024_draco.glb","filename":"2b6_1024_draco.glb","mimeType":"model/gltf-binary","filesize":540656,"thumbnailURL":null,"id":"6aca6738af3802bc375cb4d1"}},{"activeTemporaryExhibitions":["67b343f28635bba96e329739","6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","68f753818c90c86166dd78af","699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","6a4a542818d42df607da7bf3","6acc4503051e2c1b61349898"],"hall":"2B7","title":{"de":"Moderne am Meer","en":"Modernity by the Sea"},"subtitle":{"de":"","en":""},"description":{"de":"Frankreich war keine Seefahrer-nation. Doch gewannen die Küsten der Bretagne und der Normandie im Lauf des 19. Jahrhunderts an Bedeutung. Le Havre, wo Eugène Boudin und Claude Monet ihre ersten Malkampagnen starteten, war nach Marseille der zweitgrößte französische Hafen. Schon zu Beginn des 19. Jahrhunderts waren hier die Baumwollschiffe aus der Neuen Welt angekommen. Der oft archaisch anmutende Charakter der Hafenstädte mit ihren Segelschiffen täuscht, denn sie hatten ihre Wirtschaft bereits von der vorindustriellen Produktion auf moderne Dienstleistungen umgestellt. Um dem expandierenden Handel gerecht zu werden, wurden französische Häfen nach dem Vorbild der Londoner Docks umgebaut. Auch Le Havre rüstete sich für immer größere Dampfschiffe: 1872 wurde damit begonnen, den von Boudin und Monet dargestellten Außenhafen mit einer neuen Kaimauer auszubauen. Impressionistische Hafendarstellungen dienten nicht wie die Marinemalerei Englands und der Niederlande dazu, dem Nationalstolz auf die Flotte Ausdruck zu verleihen. Die Künstler ließen sich von Vorbildern der Alten Meister anregen und arbeiteten die Modernität der Hafenstädte heraus. Künstliche Beleuchtung zeigt den neuen Takt des Warenumschlags an. Intensivierung und Verdichtung zeigt auch Monets Malerei. In London hatte er, wie wenig später auch Berthe Morisot - die einzige Frau, die von Beginn an mit den Impressionisten ausstellte -, nicht nur die englischen Docks, sondern auch die dynamische Malerei William Turners kennen-gelernt.","en":"Although France was not a seafaring nation, the coasts of Brittany and Normandy gained importance over the course of the nineteenth century. Le Havre, where Eugène Boudin and Claude Monet started their first painting campaigns, was the second largest port in France after Marseille. Ships carrying cotton from the New World had been landing there since the early nineteenth century. The often archaic appearance of the ports with their sailboats is misleading, because they had already transformed their economy from preindustrial production to modern services. To keep up with the expanding trade, French harbors were rebuilt after the model of the London Docks. Le Havre also underwent modification to accommodate steamers of increasing size: in 1872 work was begun on the expansion of the outer harbor, which Boudin and Monet painted, with a new quay wall. Impressionist depictions of harbors did not serve the purpose of marine painting in England or the Netherlands, which was to express pride in the national fleet. The artists were inspired by works by the Old Masters and focused on the modernity of the ports. The new rhythm of cargo handling was illuminated by artificial lighting. Monet also intensified and consolidated what he saw. He had visited the Docks in London, where he had also come into contact with the dynamic paintings of William Turner, as Berthe Morisot (the only woman who exhibited with the Impressionists from the very beginning) would do soon after him."},"coverImage":{"alt":"2b7 gallery cover impressionism","exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","type":"gallery-cover-image","filename":"Moderne_am_Meer_Cover.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":168087,"width":1920,"height":1320,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-02-20T10:02:07.477Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-20T10:04:31.236Z","thumbnailURL":null,"url":"/cms/api/media/file/Moderne_am_Meer_Cover.jpg","id":"67b6fd9f5c358fca3f06075f"},"3dModel":{"exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","type":"3d-model","filename":"2b7.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":3351380,"createdAt":"2025-03-07T12:45:53.085Z","updatedAt":"2025-03-07T12:45:53.085Z","id":"67caea810aa4f91dd2e196b1","url":"/cms/api/media/file/2b7.glb","thumbnailURL":null},"3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6ac98c07bb42ed4293e293c8","id":"69d26d9f02142f001b7bbdb2"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"746bbec610d54a738089e95655a7bbaf","rotation":{"x":-1.7332663117722966,"y":-88.13002317384505}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":1.73,"y":1.78,"z":0.05},"position":{"x":36.295291715468736,"y":1.7431240139936892,"z":32.89291112944722,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","position":{"x":36.43,"y":9.06,"z":32.79},"id":"6890a8de55609b65edca8c54"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"71683e11979a448184ca83eced81a88b","rotation":{"x":4.7290422604697735,"y":-179.45780790657918}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[{"exhibition":"68f753818c90c86166dd78af","x":4.53,"y":-7.63,"z":-2.31,"id":"6929674836d45c4158d58e22"},{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","x":4.4157,"y":-7.5162,"z":-2.31,"id":"69a9d2b9b366e7001bdbe954"}],"id":"67b6fbe93f862b6f010e238e","ownModel":{"createdAt":"2026-10-10T00:51:19.119Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-10T00:51:22.029Z","exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","type":"3d-model","url":"/cms/api/media/file/2b7_1024_draco.glb","filename":"2b7_1024_draco.glb","mimeType":"model/gltf-binary","filesize":332060,"thumbnailURL":null,"id":"6ac98c07bb42ed4293e293c8"}},{"activeTemporaryExhibitions":["67b343f28635bba96e329739","6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","68f753818c90c86166dd78af","699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","6a4a542818d42df607da7bf3","6acc4503051e2c1b61349898"],"hall":"2B8","title":{"de":"Gartenbilder","en":"Garden Scenes"},"subtitle":{"de":"","en":""},"description":{"de":"Im 19. Jahrhundert entwickelte sich die Gartenkultur, ausgehend von England, zur Leidenschaft gebildeter Schichten. Auch das Interesse an importierten exotischen Pflanzen nahm zu. Die Impressionisten pflegten ihre Vorliebe für das Wandelbare auch im eigenen Garten und brachten mit diesem neuen Thema den Wechsel von Tages- und Jahreszeiten zur Anschauung. Claude Monets Schaffen ist untrennbar mit dem Wassergarten verbunden, den er in den 1890er Jahren anlegte und dessen Seerosenteich zum bestimmenden Motiv seines Spätwerks wurde. Doch bereits seit den 1870er Jahren setzte sich der begeisterte Hobbygärtner intensiv mit dem Thema der Hortikultur auseinander. Dieses Interesse teilte Monet mit Freunden wie Gustave Caillebotte, dem Schriftsteller Octave Mirbeau und dem Politiker Georges Clemenceau. Bei japanischen Händlern in Paris erwarben sie Blumenzwiebeln und -samen, aus denen sich die Farbenpracht ihrer Gärten entwickeln sollte. Mit Chrysanthemen züchteten sie eine Pflanze, die in Japan die Sonne symbolisiert. Caillebotte regte der Austausch mit Monet zu Stillleben mit Blumen des eigenen Gartens an. Künstlergärten wurden um die Jahrhundertwende aber auch ein wichtiges Thema, weil sie die Möglichkeit boten, Naturbilder mit Innenraumdarstellungen zu verbinden.","en":"In the nineteenth century, garden culture developed into a hobby of the educated classes after the English model. There was also an increase in the importation of exotic plants. In their own gardens the artists around Claude Monet cultivated their love for variability and sought to visualize the changing times of day and seasons through this new subject. Claude Monet's oeuvre is inextricably linked with the water garden he created in the 1890s and whose water-lily pond became the defining motif of his late work. But the enthusiastic amateur gardener had already been working intensively on the subject of horticulture since the 1870s. Monet shared his passion for designing gardens with friends including Gustave Caillebotte, the writer Octave Mirbeau, and the politician Georges Clemenceau. With flower bulbs and seeds purchased from Japanese merchants in Paris, they developed the rich coloring of their gardens. The chrysanthemums they cultivated, for example, symbolized the sun in Japan. Exchanges with Monet encouraged Caillebotte to paint still lifes with flowers from his own garden. Artist gardens were also an important topic at the turn of the century because they offered the possibility of combining images of nature with interiors."},"coverImage":{"alt":"2b8 gallery cover impressionism","exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","type":"gallery-cover-image","filename":"Gartenbilder_Cover.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":414385,"width":2880,"height":1662,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-02-20T10:01:03.271Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-20T10:01:03.271Z","id":"67b6fd5f5c358fca3f060704","url":"/cms/api/media/file/Gartenbilder_Cover.jpg","thumbnailURL":null},"3dModel":{"alt":"2b8 model impressionism","exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","type":"3d-model","filename":"2b8_cut_paintings-opt.glb","mimeType":"model/gltf-binary","filesize":881420,"createdAt":"2025-02-20T10:01:29.752Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-20T10:01:29.752Z","id":"67b6fd795c358fca3f060729","url":"/cms/api/media/file/2b8_cut_paintings-opt.glb","thumbnailURL":null},"3dModels":[{"glbFile":"6ac98c0bbb42ed4293e293d5","id":"69d26d9f02142f001b7bbdb3"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"94bbacaebc824854b2ad8b880598d7de","rotation":{"x":6.75,"y":90.41}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.05,"y":1.54,"z":1.69},"position":{"x":-4.527419331655285,"y":1.965678908391232,"z":25.299877878595325,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","position":{"x":-4.32,"y":9.17,"z":25.5},"id":"6890ae4355609b65edca8c55"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"b03fe40655134fd78b466764400fd1b1","rotation":{"x":8.5,"y":-88.88}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[{"exhibition":"68f753818c90c86166dd78af","x":4.53,"y":-7.63,"z":-2.24,"id":"6929677736d45c4158d58e24"},{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","x":4.4274,"y":-7.5024,"z":-2.2343,"id":"69a9d2b9b366e7001bdbe955"}],"id":"67b6fc063f862b6f010e2390","ownModel":{"createdAt":"2026-10-10T00:51:23.260Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-10T00:51:26.105Z","exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","type":"3d-model","url":"/cms/api/media/file/2b8_cut_paintings-opt_1024_draco.glb","filename":"2b8_cut_paintings-opt_1024_draco.glb","mimeType":"model/gltf-binary","filesize":273248,"thumbnailURL":null,"id":"6ac98c0bbb42ed4293e293d5"}},{"activeTemporaryExhibitions":["67b343f28635bba96e329739","6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","68f753818c90c86166dd78af","699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","6a4a542818d42df607da7bf3","6acc4503051e2c1b61349898"],"hall":"2A8","title":{"de":"Die Farbe Weiß","en":"The Color White"},"subtitle":{"de":"","en":""},"description":{"de":"Die Winter der 1860er bis 1890er Jahre waren schneereich. Auch in Gegenden Frankreichs, in denen es selten schneit, fielen bis zu 30 Zentimeter Schnee. Am Ende der Kleinen Eiszeit, die im 17. Jahrhundert begonnen hatte, kam es zu einer Erwärmung, die zu einer zirkulierenden Feuchtigkeit in den unteren Schichten der Atmosphäre und zu ungewöhnlich hohen Niederschlägen führte. Schon den Landschaftsmaler Gustave Courbet hatte diese Ausnahme-situation, die die Landschaft ver-fremdete, zu Winterbildern inspiriert. Wie dieser waren die Impressionisten nicht mehr daran interessiert, das Heroische zu thematisieren, das dem Schnee im kollektiven Gedächtnis nach den Winterkriegen Napoleons eingeschrieben war. Die Verwandlung der Landschaft durch den Schnee gab den Malern die Freiheit, sich auf Licht und Farbe zu fokussieren. Die Künstler arbeiteten bei Minus-graden unter erschwerten Bedin-gungen. Sie setzten sich der eisigen Kälte aus, um dem Schnee die optischen Phänomene der Lichtbrechung auf den Kristallen abzugewinnen. Wie bei ihren Darstellungen von Wasserflächen ging es den Malern um die visuelle Verschränkung von Himmel und Erde. Sie beobachteten das Schauspiel des Widerscheins vom Himmelblau und glühender Sonnenuntergänge. Die Reflexionen auf dem Schnee setzten sie in teils abstrakt anmutende Malerei um.","en":"There was a particularly large amount of snow during the winters between the 1860s and the 1890s. Even areas of France that rarely experienced snowfall had up to thirty centimeters of snow. This was due to a rise in temperature that resulted in circulating humidity in the lower layers of the atmosphere and an unusual amount of precipitation at the end of the Little Ice Age, which had begun in the seventeenth century. This unusual situation, which transformed the landscape, had already inspired Gustave Courbet to paint winter scenes. Like Courbet, the Impressionists were no longer interested in heroic subject matter that was engraved in the collective memory following Napoleon's winter campaign. The metamorphosis of the landscape due to the snow gave painters the freedom to focus on light and color. The artists worked at sub-zero temperatures under difficult conditions. They endured icy cold in order to depict the optic phenomena of light refraction on snow crystals. Similar to their representation of water surfaces, the painters were interested in the visual connection between the sky and earth. They observed the spectacle of the reflections of sky blue and firey sunsets. 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Die Stadt hatte schon den Romantikern eine atmosphärische Lichtmalerei entlockt. Die Malerei des Nordens und die Beobachtung der heimischen Natur hatten in Monets Generation das Vorbild der Antike und der an der italienischen Campagna geschulten klassizistischer Landschaftsmalerei abgelöst. Wenn Eugène Boudin, Berthe Morisot und später Paul Signac Italien besuchten, dann nicht auf den traditionellen Wegen. Vielmehr reisten sie mit der Eisenbahn entlang der Küsten wie andere Touristen. Die Küsten Nord- wie Südeuropas wurden im späten 19. Jahrhundert mit Postkarten touristisch vermarktet. Die Maler stellten sich dieser Konkurrenz, indem sie mit den Aus-schnitttechniken der Photographie arbeiteten. Ihre pastose Malerei stand im Gegensatz zu den glatten Oberflächen des neuen Mediums. Die Côte d'Azur wurde touristisch zur gleichen Zeit erschlossen, als sich Cross und Signac dort in den 1890er Jahren niederließen. Das Sonnenlicht, das die Maler in den Süden zog, war für sie eine Energie, die künstlerische Neuerungen mit gesellschaftlichen Utopien speiste. Die drei Generationen der Impressionisten, Pointillisten und Fauvisten - Zeitgenossen eines sich rasant entwickelnden modernen Frankreichs - verband das gleiche Ideal: Natur mit Licht und Farbe sinnlich erfahrbar zu machen.","en":"Claude Monet's views of Venice are the only works that are reminiscent of the Grand Tours on which artists of previous centuries embarked. The city had already inspired Romantic painters to create atmospheric depictions of light. In Monet's generation the model of antiquity and classic landscape painting that was schooled on the Italian Campagna had been replaced by northern painting and the study of nature at home. When Eugène Boudin, Berthe Morisot, and later Paul Signac traveled to Italy, they did not take the traditional approach. Instead they traveled with the railroad along the coasts like other tourists. The coasts of northern and southern Europe were marketed as tourist destinations in the late nineteenth century by means of postcards. The painters reacted to this competition by adapting the cut-out techniques of photography. The impasto of their paintings was quite the opposite of the slick surfaces of the new medium. The Côte d'Azur was being discovered by tourism at the same time as Cross and Signac settled there in the 1890s. The sunlight that attracted the painters to the south was a sort of energy that fed artistic innovations and social utopias. 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Hier verfolgte er die Idee, durch Wiederholungen des Motivs der Erfassung des Augenblicks näher-zukommen. Von 1891 an nutzte Monet Einzelausstellungen in seiner Pariser Galerie Durand-Ruel zur Präsentation groß angelegter Werkreihen, bei denen er ein einziges Motiv in zahlreichen Variationen durchspielte: Auf seine Getreideschober folgten die Kathedralen von Rouen, später die Serie des britischen Parlaments in London und schließlich die des Seerosenteichs in seinem Wasser-garten in Giverny. Drei dieser Werkgruppen sind in der Sammlung Hasso Plattner beispielhaft vertreten. Mit den Getreideschobern stellte Monet sein Konzept des enveloppe vor - jener das Motiv umgebenden Hülle aus Licht und Luft, die er zum eigentlichen Gegenstand seiner Malerei erhob. Die im Smog gegen den Sonnenuntergang aufscheinende Silhouette von Westminster Palace beschäftigte ihn bei drei London-Aufenthalten zwischen 1899 und 1901. Der Seerosenteich in Giverny gab Monet über zwei Jahrzehnte lang Stoff zu sehen und zu malen: Spiegelnde Wasserflächen hatten sein Werk von Anfang an geprägt. Das neben seinem Seerosenteich gelegene Atelier erlaubte es ihm, nun auf bisher ungeahnt großen Leinwänden zu arbeiten. Indem sie auf den Horizont verzichten und den Himmel spiegeln, entgrenzen die Bilder den Landschaftsraum und bieten den Betrachtern ein immersives Erlebnis.","en":"After Monet turned his back on Paris at the end of the 1870s, he devoted himself first in Vétheuil and later in Giverny to depictions of nature showing the changing days and seasons. There he pursued the idea of coming closer to capturing the fleeting moment through repetitions of one given motif. From 1891 on Monet used solo exhibitions at the Paris gallery of Durand-Ruel to present large-scale series of works in which he showed one single motif in numerous variations. His Grainstacks were followed by Rouen Cathedral, later by the series of the Houses of Parliament in London, and finally by that of the Water Lilies in his garden in Giverny. Three of these groups are represented in the Hasso Plattner Collection. With the Grainstacks, Monet introduced his concept of the enveloppe - the \"envelope\" of light and air surrounding the motif, which he elevated to the actual subject of his painting. The silhouette of Westminster Palace appearing in the smog against the sunset occupied him during three stays in London between 1899 and 1901. The water-lily pond in Giverny gave Monet material to see and paint for over two decades: reflecting water surfaces had influenced his work from the beginning. The studio located next to his water-lily pond allowed him to work on canvases of an unprecedented size. By doing away with the horizon and mirroring the sky, these landscapes seem to expand beyond the frame of the canvas, offering viewers an immersive experience."},"coverImage":{"alt":"2a7 gallery cover impressionism","exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","type":"gallery-cover-image","filename":"Monets_Serien_Cover.jpg","mimeType":"image/jpeg","filesize":118474,"width":1242,"height":820,"focalX":50,"focalY":50,"createdAt":"2025-02-20T09:57:37.697Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-20T09:57:37.697Z","id":"67b6fc915c358fca3f0605dc","url":"/cms/api/media/file/Monets_Serien_Cover.jpg","thumbnailURL":null},"3dModel":{"exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","type":"3d-model","filename":"2a7.glb","mimeType":"application/octet-stream","filesize":3431536,"createdAt":"2025-03-07T12:56:50.927Z","updatedAt":"2025-03-07T12:56:50.927Z","id":"67caed120aa4f91dd2e19998","url":"/cms/api/media/file/2a7.glb","thumbnailURL":null},"3dModels":[{"glbFile":"69cea54570c4a99939b3a706","exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","id":"69cea528a9f9cb7f5e8a3dd5"},{"glbFile":"6aca6749af3802bc375cb4f2","id":"6aca674caf3802bc375cb4fc"}],"startPoint":{"sweepId":"9b027162b9954d00afae2fd8106e13e9","rotation":{"x":-1.08,"y":-90.89}},"infoWall":{"modelData":{"infoCollisionBox":{"geometry":{"x":0.05,"y":1.89,"z":1.76},"position":{"x":28.89,"y":1.75,"z":0.44,"exhibitionDependent":[{"exhibition":"6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","position":{"x":28.92,"y":9.13,"z":0.48},"id":"6890da7c2cd0e82723613b86"}]}},"insideView":{"sweepId":"ef91446568d943a689d8b10bad8363cd","rotation":{"x":7.85,"y":88.76}}}},"exhibitionDependentArtworkOffsetArray":[{"exhibition":"68f753818c90c86166dd78af","x":4.45,"y":-7.63,"z":-2.28,"id":"6929685236d45c4158d58e2a"},{"exhibition":"699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","x":4.3114,"y":-7.5262,"z":-2.28,"id":"69a9d2b9b366e7001bdbe958"}],"id":"67b6fc513f862b6f010e2396","ownModel":{"createdAt":"2026-10-10T16:26:49.218Z","updatedAt":"2026-10-10T16:26:52.501Z","exhibition":"67b338818635bba96e329691","type":"3d-model","url":"/cms/api/media/file/2a7_1024_draco.glb","filename":"2a7_1024_draco.glb","mimeType":"model/gltf-binary","filesize":333380,"thumbnailURL":null,"id":"6aca6749af3802bc375cb4f2"}},{"activeTemporaryExhibitions":["6836f8f22ef108b9d9b0a31b","699c56f3870053377ae01aa0","6a4a542818d42df607da7bf3","6acc4503051e2c1b61349898"],"hall":"0B1","title":{"de":"Landschaften der Fauvisten","en":"Landscapes of the Fauves"},"description":{"de":"1905 kam eine radikal neue Kunstrichtung auf, die die Konturen betonte und die Farbe expressiv einsetzte. Als „Les Fauves\" (die Wilden) bezeichnete ein Kunstkritiker diese Maler anlässlich ihrer ersten Ausstellung im Pariser Herbstsalon. Während André Derain mit seinem Freund Henri Matisse auf den Spuren von Cross und Signac in Südfrankreich gemalt hatte, war Maurice de Vlaminck in Nordfrankreich an den Ufern der Seine geblieben. Die Fauvisten lösten sich vom impressionistischen und pointillistischen Stil und entwickelten eine flächige, farbstarke Malerei. Anders als die Impressionisten ging es ihnen nicht um die Darstellung von Naturphänomenen, sondern - darin den Malern der „Brücke\" verwandt - um den Ausdruckswert der Farbe. Auch begannen sie in der Nachfolge Cézannes mit einer Zergliederung der Form zu experimentieren, wie sie der Kubismus später weiterführte. Ihr expressiver Malstil hielt sie jedoch nicht davon ab, Impressionismus und Pointillismus in der Wahl der Orte und Motive zu folgen. So reiste Derain 1907 nach Cassis, wo bereits Signac gemalt hatte. Vlaminck malte mit dem Bootshaus von Rueil ein Motiv Pierre-Auguste Renoirs. Obwohl ihre Landschaften aufgewühlt, oft düster sind, bezogen sich die Fauvisten auf die Ikonographie des Impressionismus.","en":"In 1905 a radically new art movement emerged that emphasized contours and used paint to expressive ends. On the occasion of their first exhibition in the Paris Salon d'Autumne, an art critic called these painters \"Les Fauves\" (the Wild Beasts). While André Derain had worked alongside his friend Henri Matisse in the South of France on the trail of Cross and Signac, Maurice de Vlaminck remained in northern France near the Seine. The Fauves distanced themselves from the Impressionist and Pointillist styles and developed a technique characterized by flatness and bright colors. Unlike the Impressionists they were not interested in the depiction of natural phenomena but in the expressive value of color. In this respect, they were related to the painters of the German movement Die Brücke. They also began, in emulation of Cézanne, to experiment with the dissection of form, which was later continued by the Cubists. Their expressive painting style did not prevent them from following Impressionism and Pointillism in their choice of locations and motifs. In 1907, for example, Derain traveled to Cassis, where Signac had worked previously. Vlaminck used one of Renoir's motifs when he painted the boatyard of Rueil. 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